Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!
Giản thể: 高考的记忆
每年六月的时候，我都会梦见高考，有时候梦见自己忘了带准考证，有时候梦见自己忘了带笔，梦中的我很着急，一直哭，然后就醒了。和老同学聊起来，发现不止我一个人梦见高考。对于我们来说，高考是无法磨灭的青春记忆的一部分。
来美国之后，我在一所私立女子高中教汉语，很多学生在为申请大学做准备，偶尔她们也会问我，中国学生怎样才能进入大学，要准备哪些材料。有一次，我就专门准备了一节课。和她们谈谈中国的高考。
在中国，小学一般是五年或者六年，中学分为初中三年和高中三年。高考常常在高三的六月举行，每年只有一次。错过了，或者说失败了，只能明年六月再来。所以高中生们都把它称作“黑色的六月”。
和美国孩子不一样，在中国考大学不需要推荐信，也不需要申请信。大部分只需要高考成绩。在这种压力下，很多学校都让老师们在高一、高二的时候把高考要考的东西全部教完。高三一年，老师们主要就组织学生复习，模拟考试。
因为高考竞争激烈，所以很多学生除了在学校努力学习，还在校外读补习班。有一部电影反映了高考学生、老师们的生活状态，感兴趣的朋友们可以找来看看：《青春派》。YouTube上就能找到。
如果有一些特长，比如美术、音乐、舞蹈、乐器、体育等等，就可以稍微轻松一些，大学对他们的高考成绩要求相对低一些。
这两年，中国的高考也在改革，几个大学联合起来，提前招生，面试等等。少数优秀学生可以走这条路，这些学生一般需要校长的推荐信。
在中国，如果你有北京户口，考北京大学、清华大学，就会比其他地方的人考这些大学容易一些。因为北京的大学在北京当地招的学生人数更多，这样录取的分数也就更低。所以，来自不同的省的学生考同一所大学的难度是不一样的。
这也是为什么很多人一定要去北京上海这些地方工作、买房子，是为了拿这些地方的户口，为了孩子将来能接受更好的教育。
从这个角度来看，高考的确有一些不公平的地方。但是，对于很多普通人来说，高考已经是比较公平的了，只要高考考得好，无论你出生在什么样的家庭，都有机会进入中国一流的大学学习。
Phồn thể: 高考的記憶
每年六月的時候，我都會夢見高考，有時候夢見自己忘了帶准考證，有時候夢見自己忘了帶筆，夢中的我很著急，一直哭，然後就醒了。和老同學聊起來，發現不止我一個人夢見高考。對於我們來說，高考是無法磨滅的青春記憶的一部分。
來美國之後，我在一所私立女子高中教漢語，很多學生在為申請大學做準備，偶爾她們也會問我，中國學生怎樣才能進入大學，要準備哪些材料。有一次，我就專門準備了一節課。和她們談談中國的高考。
在中國，小學一般是五年或者六年，中學分為初中三年和高中三年。高考常常在高三的六月舉行，每年只有一次。錯過了，或者說失敗了，只能明年六月再來。所以高中生們都把它稱作“黑色的六月”。
和美國孩子不一樣，在中國考大學不需要推薦信，也不需要申請信。大部分只需要高考成績。在這種壓力下，很多學校都讓老師們在高一、高二的時候把高考要考的東西全部教完。高三一年，老師們主要就組織學生復習，模擬考試。
因為高考競爭激烈，所以很多學生除了在學校努力學習，還在校外讀補習班。有一部電影反映了高考學生、老師們的生活狀態，感興趣的朋友們可以找來看看：《青春派》。 YouTube上就能找到。
如果有一些特長，比如美術、音樂、舞蹈、樂器、體育等等，就可以稍微輕鬆一些，大學對他們的高考成績要求相對低一些。
這兩年，中國的高考也在改革，幾個大學聯合起來，提前招生，面試等等。少數優秀學生可以走這條路，這些學生一般需要校長的推薦信。
在中國，如果你有北京戶口，考北京大學、清華大學，就會比其他地方的人考這些大學容易一些。因為北京的大學在北京當地招的學生人數更多，這樣錄取的分數也就更低。所以，來自不同的省的學生考同一所大學的難度是不一樣的。
這也是為什麼很多人一定要去北京上海這些地方工作、買房子，是為了拿這些地方的戶口，為了孩子將來能接受更好的教育。
從這個角度來看，高考的確有一些不公平的地方。但是，對於很多普通人來說，高考已經是比較公平的了，只要高考考得好，無論你出生在什麼樣的家庭，都有機會進入中國一流的大學學習。
Pinyin: Gāokǎo de jìyì
Měinián liù yuè de shíhòu, wǒ dõuhuì mèng jiàn gāokǎo, yǒu shíhòu mèng jiàn zìjǐ wàngle dài zhǔn kǎozhèng, yǒu shíhòu mèng jiàn zìjǐ wàngle dài bǐ, mèng zhōng de wǒ hěn zhāojí, yīzhí kū, ránhòu jiù xǐngle. Hé lǎo tóngxué liáo qǐlái, fāxiàn bùzhǐ wǒ yīgè rén mèng jiàn gāokǎo. Duìyú wǒmen lái shuō, gāokǎoshì wúfǎ mómiè de qīngchūn jìyì de yībùfèn.
Lái měiguó zhīhòu, wǒ zài yī suǒ sīlì nǚzǐ gāozhōng jiào hànyǔ, hěnduō xuéshēng zài wèi shēnqǐng dàxué zuò zhǔnbèi, ǒu’ěr tāmen yě huì wèn wǒ, zhōngguó xuéshēng zěnyàng cáinéng jìnrù dàxué, yào zhǔnbèi nǎxiē cáiliào. Yǒuyīcì, wǒ jiù zhuānmén zhǔnbèile yī jié kè. Hé tāmen tán tán zhōngguó de gāokǎo.
Zài zhōngguó, xiǎoxué yībān shì wǔ nián huòzhě liù nián, zhōngxué fēn wéi chū zhòng sān nián hé gāo zhòng sān nián. Gāokǎo chángcháng zài gāosān de liù yuè jǔxíng, měinián zhǐyǒu yīcì. Cuòguòle, huòzhě shuō shībàile, zhǐ néng míngnián liù yuè zàilái. Suǒyǐ gāozhōng shēngmen dōu bǎ tā chēng zuò “hēisè de liù yuè”.
Hé měiguó háizi bù yīyàng, zài zhōngguó kǎo dàxué bù xūyào tuījiàn xìn, yě bù xūyào shēnqǐng xìn. Dà bùfèn zhǐ xūyào gāokǎo chéngjī. Zài zhè zhǒng yālì xià, hěnduō xuéxiào dōu ràng lǎoshīmen zài gāo yī, gāo’èr de shíhòu bǎ gāokǎo yào kǎo de dōngxī quánbù jiào wán. Gāo sānyī nián, lǎoshīmen zhǔyào jiù zǔzhī xuéshēng fùxí, mónǐ kǎo shì.
Yīnwèi gāokǎo jìngzhēng jīliè, suǒyǐ hěnduō xuéshēng chúle zài xuéxiào nǔlì xuéxí, hái zài xiàowài dú bǔxí bān. Yǒu yī bù diànyǐng fǎnyìngle gāokǎo xuéshēng, lǎoshīmen de shēnghuó zhuàngtài, gǎn xìngqù de péngyǒumen kěyǐ zhǎo lái kàn kàn:“Qīngchūn pài”.YouTube shàng jiù néng zhǎodào.
Rúguǒ yǒu yīxiē tècháng, bǐrú měishù, yīnyuè, wǔdǎo, yuèqì, tǐyù děng děng, jiù kěyǐ shāowéi qīngsōng yīxiē, dàxué duì tāmen de gāokǎo chéngjī yāoqiú xiāngduì dī yīxiē.
Zhè liǎng nián, zhōngguó de gāokǎo yě zài gǎigé, jǐ gè dàxué liánhé qǐlái, tíqián zhāoshēng, miànshì děng děng. Shǎoshù yōuxiù xuéshēng kěyǐ zǒu zhè tiáo lù, zhèxiē xuéshēng yībān xūyào xiàozhǎng de tuījiàn xìn.
Zài zhōngguó, rúguǒ nǐ yǒu běijīng hùkǒu, kǎo běijīng dàxué, qīnghuá dàxué, jiù huì bǐ qítā dìfāng de rén kǎo zhèxiē dàxué róngyì yīxiē. Yīnwèi běijīng de dàxué zài běijīng dāngdì zhāo de xuéshēng rénshù gèng duō, zhèyàng lùqǔ de fēnshù yě jiù gèng dī. Suǒyǐ, láizì bùtóng de shěng de xuéshēng kǎo tóngyī suǒ dàxué de nándù shì bù yīyàng de.
Zhè yěshì wèishéme hěnduō rén yīdìng yào qù běijīng shànghǎi zhèxiē dìfāng gōngzuò, mǎi fángzi, shì wèile ná zhèxiē dìfāng de hùkǒu, wèile háizi jiānglái néng jiēshòu gèng hǎo de jiàoyù.
Cóng zhège jiǎodù lái kàn, gāokǎo díquè yǒu yīxiē bù gōngpíng de dìfāng. Dànshì, duìyú hěnduō pǔtōng rén lái shuō, gāokǎo yǐjīng shì bǐjiào gōngpíng dele, zhǐyào gāokǎo kǎo dé hǎo, wúlùn nǐ chūshēng zài shénme yàng de jiātíng, dōu yǒu jīhuì jìnrù zhōngguó yīliú de dàxué xuéxí.
English: Memories of the ‘gaokao’
Every year in June I always dream about the ‘gaokao’. Sometimes I dream that I forgot to take my (certificate giving me) permission to take the ‘gaokao’, sometimes I dream about forgetting to take a pen. The ‘me’ in the dream is always anxious, always crying… then I wake up. If I chat with former fellow students I discover that it’s not just me that dreams about the ‘gaokao’. For us, the ‘gaokao’ is a part of our youth that can’t be wiped from our memory.
After coming to America I taught Chinese at a private girls’ high school. Many students there make preparations for applying for university. Sometimes they would ask me, what Chinese students have to do to enter university, what material do they have to prepare? Once I prepared a special lesson in which I discussed the Chinese ‘gaokao’ with them.
In China primary school generally is five or six years while high school is divided into two – three years junior high school and three years senior high school. ‘Gaokao’ is always held only once a year in June of the third year of senior high. If you miss it, in other words, fail, you have no choice but to do it again the following year. So junior high school students call it ‘black June’.
Unlike American children, in China, to take a university entrance examination, one doesn’t need a letter of recommendation nor does one need to write an application; in general one just needs success in the ‘gaokao’. Under this sort of pressure, many students in first and second year of senior high school have their teachers go over what will be examined in the ‘gaokao’ in full. Then in third year the teacher will mainly organise the students’ study and give them mock exams.
Because the competition for the ‘kaokao’ is so intense, many students not only study hard at school but they study at cram schools. There is a movie which reflects the situation of students and teachers. Anyone out there interested can find the film by searching for ‘青春派’. It can be found on YouTube. Those with a special ability, such as in art, music, dance, a musical instrument or sport can relax a little as the ‘gaokao’ requirements for these students at university is a little lower.
Over the last few years China’s ‘gaokao’ has been going through a change and several universities together have enrolled students in advance and given interviews. A small number of outstanding students can follow this path but in general these students need a letter or recommendation from their headmaster.
For those with a Beijing ‘hukou’, it’s slightly easier for them to gain admittance to Peking University or Qinghua University than those students from other areas. Because Beijing universities recruit higher numbers of students from the local area, the test score for admission is lower for them. So the difficulty of entering the same university is not the same for students coming from different provinces.
This is the reason many people absolutely want to move to Shanghai or Beijing to work and buy an apartment and thus receive the ‘hukou’ for these places. So that their children in the future will receive a better education.
Looking at it from this point of view the ‘gaokao’ does indeed have some aspects which aren’t fair. But for many ordinary people the ‘gaokao’ is relatively fair. You only need to perform well in the ‘gaokao’ and it doesn’t matter into what sort of family you were born, you have the opportunity to study at China’s top universities.
Robert Budzul (robert@budzul.com)
Zak Gray (zak_lives@hotmail.com)
Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!
