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Giản thể: 和“吃”有关的表达
西方人喜欢狗，有很多和“狗”有关的表达。中国人认为，民以食为天，吃在中国是一件很重要的事情，所以汉语中有很多有趣的表达都和吃有关。
如果你有一个恋人，对方和别人单独出去玩，你不高兴，有些嫉妒，我们说：你吃醋了。
如果你辞去了一份工作，离开了你原来工作的地方，不久以后，又想回去，我们把这个叫做：吃回头草。和男朋友、女朋友分手了之后，还想复合，这个也叫：吃回头草。中国还有句俗语叫做：好马不吃回头草。如果你和身边的同事谈恋爱，我们把这个叫做：吃窝边草。中国人说“兔子不吃窝边草”，就是不和身边的同事、同学谈恋爱，因为大家都太熟悉了。
如果你在公司很受重视，我们说你很“吃香”。如果你在公司里很受欢迎，老板、同事都很喜欢你，我们说你很“吃得开”，相反的，就是“吃不开”。
如果你被告上了法院，我们说你“吃官司”了，这个时候，你需要请一个律师。
如果你受到了伤害，受到了损失，我们把这个叫做“吃亏”，有的时候，你即使吃亏了也不能和大家说，只能自己承受，这个叫“吃哑巴亏”。哑巴是那些不能说话的人。
在职场上，无论是男性还是女性都有可能遇到“性骚扰”，中国人把这个叫做被“吃豆腐”。以前，女性在职场被上司吃豆腐了，怕丢了工作，不敢说，这个就是“吃哑巴亏”了。现在这种情况也依然存在。
你还知道哪些和“吃”有关的表达？欢迎在播客下方留言，大家一起交流讨论。
Phồn thể: 和“吃”有關的表達
西方人喜歡狗，有很多和“狗”有關的表達。中國人認為，民以食為天，吃在中國是一件很重要的事情，所以漢語中有很多有趣的表達都和吃有關。
如果你有一個戀人，對方和別人單獨出去玩，你不高興，有些嫉妒，我們說：你吃醋了。
如果你辭去了一份工作，離開了你原來工作的地方，不久以後，又想回去，我們把這個叫做：吃回頭草。和男朋友、女朋友分手了之後，還想複合，這個也叫：吃回頭草。中國還有句俗語叫做：好馬不吃回頭草。如果你和身邊的同事談戀愛，我們把這個叫做：吃窩邊草。中國人說“兔子不吃窩邊草”，就是不和身邊的同事、同學談戀愛，因為大家都太熟悉了。
如果你在公司很受重視，我們說你很“吃香”。如果你在公司裡很受歡迎，老闆、同事都很喜歡你，我們說你很“吃得開”，相反的，就是“吃不開”。
如果你被告上了法院，我們說你“吃官司”了，這個時候，你需要請一個律師。
如果你受到了傷害，受到了損失，我們把這個叫做“吃虧”，有的時候，你即使吃虧了也不能和大家說，只能自己承受，這個叫“吃啞巴虧”。啞巴是那些不能說話的人。
在職場上，無論是男性還是女性都有可能遇到“性騷擾”，中國人把這個叫做被“吃豆腐”。以前，女性在職場被上司吃豆腐了，怕丟了工作，不敢說，這個就是“吃啞巴虧”了。現在這種情況也依然存在。
你還知道哪些和“吃”有關的表達？歡迎在播客下方留言，大家一起交流討論。
Pinyin: Hé “chī” yǒuguān de biǎodá
Xīfāng rén xǐhuān gǒu, yǒu hěnduō hé “gǒu” yǒuguān de biǎodá. Zhōngguó rén rènwéi, mín yǐ shí wéi tiān, chī zài zhōngguó shì yī jiàn hěn zhòngyào de shìqíng, suǒyǐ hànyǔ zhòng yǒu hěnduō yǒuqù de biǎodá dōu hé chī yǒuguān.
Rúguǒ nǐ yǒu yīgè liànrén, duìfāng hé biérén dāndú chūqù wán, nǐ bù gāoxìng, yǒuxiē jídù, wǒmen shuō: Nǐ chīcùle.
Rúguǒ nǐ cíqùle yī fèn gōngzuò, líkāile nǐ yuánlái gōngzuò de dìfāng, bùjiǔ yǐhòu, yòu xiǎng huíqù, wǒmen bǎ zhège jiàozuò: Chī huítóu cǎo. Hénán péngyǒu, nǚ péngyǒu fēn shǒu le zhīhòu, hái xiǎng fùhé, zhège yě jiào: Chī huítóu cǎo. Zhōngguó hái yǒu jù súyǔ jiàozuò: Hǎo mǎ bù chī huítóu cǎo. Rúguǒ nǐ hé shēnbiān de tóngshì tán liàn’ài, wǒmen bǎ zhège jiàozuò: Chī wō biān cǎo. Zhōngguó rén shuō “tùzǐ bù chī wō biān cǎo”, jiùshì bù hé shēnbiān de tóngshì, tóngxué tán liàn’ài, yīn wéi dàjiā dōu tài shúxīle.
Rúguǒ nǐ zài gōngsī hěn shòu zhòngshì, wǒmen shuō nǐ hěn “chīxiāng”. Rúguǒ nǐ zài gōngsī lǐ hěn shòu huānyíng, lǎobǎn, tóngshì dōu hěn xǐhuān nǐ, wǒmen shuō nǐ hěn “chīdékāi”, xiāngfǎn de, jiùshì “chībùkāi”.
Rúguǒ nǐ bèigào shàngle fǎyuàn, wǒmen shuō nǐ “chī guānsī”le, zhège shíhòu, nǐ xūyào qǐng yīgè lǜshī.
Rúguǒ nǐ shòudàole shānghài, shòudàole sǔnshī, wǒmen bǎ zhège jiàozuò “chīkuī”, yǒu de shíhòu, nǐ jíshǐ chīkuīle yě bùnéng hé dàjiā shuō, zhǐ néng zìjǐ chéngshòu, zhège jiào “chī yǎbākuī”. Yǎbā shì nàxiē bùnéng shuōhuà de rén.
Zài zhíchǎng shàng, wúlùn shì nánxìng háishì nǚxìng dōu yǒu kěnéng yù dào “xìngsāorǎo”, zhōngguó rén bǎ zhège jiàozuò bèi “chī dòufu”. Yǐqián, nǚxìng zài zhíchǎng bèi shàngsi chī dòufule, pà diūle gōngzuò, bù gǎn shuō, zhège jiùshì “chī yǎbākuī”le. Xiànzài zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng yě yīrán cúnzài.
Nǐ hái zhīdào nǎxiē hé “chī” yǒuguān de biǎodá? Huānyíng zài bòkè xiàfāng liúyán, dàjiā yì qǐ jiāoliú tǎolùn.
English: Hé “chī” yǒuguān de biǎodá
Westerners like dogs, and there are many ‘dog’ related expressions. The Chinese know that ‘food is the god of the people’, and in China eating is a very important matter, so in Mandarin Chinese there are many interesting expressions related to eating.
If you have a sweet-heart, and they go out by themselves with someone and you’re not happy about it, we say: you’re eating vinegar (you’re jealous).
If you quit a job and leave the place where you were working, then shortly after want to return, we call this: ‘grazing on old pasture’. When, after breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend, you then want to get back together again, that’s also called ‘grazing on old pasture’. In Chinese there is also the saying – ‘a good horse doesn’t graze on old pasture’. If you and a nearby colleague begin dating, we call this ‘eating the grass around the nest’. Chinese say ‘rabbits don’t eat the grass around their nest’. This means, don’t start a relationship with a close colleague or fellow-student, because everyone knows each other too well.
If you’re looked upon highly at work, we call this ‘eating fragrant’ (see notes 1). If you’re very popular at work, with your boss and colleagues, we call this ‘can start eating’, and the opposite is ‘can’t start eating’ (see notes 2).
If you call on someone and they’re not at home, then we say you’ve ‘eaten closed-door soup’.
If you’ve been taken to court as the accused, we say you’re ‘eating a law-suit’. This is the time when you need to hire a lawyer.
If you’ve been injured or have suffered a loss we call this ‘eating a loss’. Sometimes, if you’ve suffered a loss but can’t tell anyone and have to endure it alone, this is called ‘eating a mute loss’. ‘哑巴 – yǎba’ are those people who can’t speak (mutes).
In the workplace, regardless of being male or female, there is the chance that one may encounter ‘sexual harassment’. Chinese call this (being sexually harassed) ‘eating tofu’ (see notes 3). In the past, women were harassed by their superiors but didn’t dare say anything for fear of losing their job. This is an example of ‘eating a mute loss’. This situation still exists today.
Do you know any other other expressions related to ‘eating’? Feel welcome to leave a message at the bottom of the podcast page, and everyone can discuss them together.
Notes:
1. Difficult to translate as these characters mean ‘eat’, and ‘fragrant’… as this is an idiomatic expression however, it doesn’t need to be translated literally
2. Literally ‘can start eating’. This is the same structure as 看得见 (able to be seen) or 拿得动 (can be carried). However, ‘吃开’ also means to ‘be influential’, so this may be seen as ‘can be influential’.
3. The expression ‘吃豆腐’ is usually used with minor sexual harassment
New Vocabulary
民以食为天 – mínyǐshíwéitiān (idiom) 1. food is the god of the people 2. the masses regard food as their prime want 3. Food is the first necessity of the people
吃醋 – chīcù (v.o.) be jealous (about rivalry in love)
辞去 – cíqù (v) to resign; to quit
吃回头草 – chīhuítóucǎo (idiom) a changed form of ‘好马不吃头草’, meaning to go back to something one has renounced, or to go back to an old job or life
复合 – fùhé (v) to be reunited
俗语 – súyǔ (n) 1. common saying 2. proverb 3. colloquial speech
谈恋爱 – tánliàn’ài (v.o.) 1. to court (a member of the opposite sex) 2. to be dating
吃窝边草 – chīwōbiāncǎo (idiom) a changed form of ‘兔子不吃窝边草’, and means that villains don’t jeopardize their neighbours. Comparable to the English saying ‘don’t shit where you eat’
熟悉 – shúxī (v) know sth./sb. well (adj) familiar with
吃香 – chīxiāng (adj/idiom) very popular; be well liked; be much sought after
吃得开 – chīdekāi (adj/idiom) be popular; be much sought after
羹 – gēng (n) thick soup
吃闭门羹 – chībìméngēng (v/idiom) 1. be refused entrance 2. be left out in the cold 3. to find the door closed
官司 – guānsi (n, informal) lawsuit
律师 – lǜshī (n) 1. lawyer 2. barrister 3. solicitor
损失 – sǔnshī (v) lose (n) loss; damage
吃亏 – chīkuī (v) suffer a loss (adj) at a disadvantage
即使 – jíshǐ (conj.) even; even if; even though
承受 – chéngshòu (v) bear; support; endure
哑巴 – yǎba (n) a dumb person; a mute
吃哑巴亏 – chīyǎbakuī (v.o./idiom) 1. to be forced to suffer in silence 2. unable to speak of one’s bitter suffering
职场 – zhíchǎng (n) 1. workplace 2. career
性骚扰 – xìngsāorǎo (n) sexual harassment
吃豆腐 – chīdòufu (v.o) 1. tease; flirt with 2. engage in minor sexual harassment
上司 – shàngsi (n) 1. superior 2. boss
依然 – yīrán (adv) still (v) be as before
存在 – cúnzài (n) exist; be
– Robert Budzul (robert@budzul.com)
– Zak Gray (zak_lives@hotmail.com)
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