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Giản thể: 武则天
不久前，有一部电视剧非常受欢迎，叫做《武媚娘传奇》，讲的是中国历史上唯一一位女皇帝，武则天的故事。今天，我们就来说一说，这个传奇的人物。
武则天生活在一千三百多年前的唐朝，武媚娘是她的另外一个称号。她十四岁时，因为长得非常漂亮，而被选进皇宫，成为了皇帝李世民众多“妻子”中的一位，被封为“才人”的头衔，这在皇帝众多“妻子”中的地位是比较低的。
李世民去世以后，他的第九个儿子李治，继承了皇位。武则天受到李治的喜爱，于是又成为了李治的“妻子”之一，被封为“昭仪”的头衔。后来，她使用手段，使皇帝李治所喜爱的皇后和另一位妃子被废除了头衔，而她自己也就当上了皇后。
李治是一个性格比较软弱的人，武则天便帮助他处理和决定国事。慢慢地，她拥有了越来越多的政治权利。在李治得病的时候，武则天便代他处理政务。在丈夫李治去世以后，武则天先后安排自己和李治的两个儿子，李显和李旦当皇帝，而她自己作为皇帝的母亲，其实掌握了真正的权力。后来，她干脆废除了儿子的皇帝头衔，自己做起了皇帝。
武则天当了15年的皇帝。作为一个女人，武则天当皇帝的事情，在当时受到很多人的反对。后来，因为受到很大的压力，武则天不得不把皇位还给了自己的儿子李显。
武则天当皇帝期间，发展了中国的“科举”考试制度，对中国的教育和人才选拔制度，进行了很有效的改善。她还特别善于选用有才能的人，来帮助她治理国家。在她当皇帝的15年间，中国的经济和文化都有不错的发展。更值得一提的是，当时，中国的女性地位也比古代的其他时期要高。不过，武则天也得到了很多负面的评价，有人说她非常地残酷，为了拥有权力，当上皇帝，杀死了很多人。不过，如果不是因为这种残酷无情的性格，中国的历史上，也许就不会出现这样一位传奇的女皇帝了。
Phồn thể: 武則天
不久前，有一部電視劇非常受歡迎，叫做《武媚娘傳奇》，講的是中國歷史上唯一一位女皇帝，武則天的故事。今天，我們就來說一說，這個傳奇的人物。
武則天生活在一千三百多年前的唐朝，武媚娘是她的另外一個稱號。她十四歲時，因為長得非常漂亮，而被選進皇宮，成為了皇帝李世民眾多“妻子”中的一位，被封為“才人”的頭銜，這在皇帝眾多“妻子”中的地位是比較低的。
李世民去世以後，他的第九個兒子李治，繼承了皇位。武則天受到李治的喜愛，於是又成為了李治的“妻子”之一，被封為“昭儀”的頭銜。後來，她使用手段，使皇帝李治所喜愛的皇后和另一位妃子被廢除了頭銜，而她自己也就當上了皇后。
李治是一個性格比較軟弱的人，武則天便幫助他處理和決定國事。慢慢地，她擁有了越來越多的政治權利。在李治得病的時候，武則天便代他處理政務。在丈夫李治去世以後，武則天先後安排自己和李治的兩個兒子，李顯和李旦當皇帝，而她自己作為皇帝的母親，其實掌握了真正的權力。後來，她乾脆廢除了兒子的皇帝頭銜，自己做起了皇帝。
武則天當了15年的皇帝。作為一個女人，武則天當皇帝的事情，在當時受到很多人的反對。後來，因為受到很大的壓力，武則天不得不把皇位還給了自己的兒子李顯。
武則天當皇帝期間，發展了中國的“科舉”考試制度，對中國的教育和人才選拔制度，進行了很有效的改善。她還特別善於選用有才能的人，來幫助她治理國家。在她當皇帝的15年間，中國的經濟和文化都有不錯的發展。更值得一提的是，當時，中國的女性地位也比古代的其他時期要高。不過，武則天也得到了很多負面的評價，有人說她非常地殘酷，為了擁有權力，當上皇帝，殺死了很多人。不過，如果不是因為這種殘酷無情的性格，中國的歷史上，也許就不會出現這樣一位傳奇的女皇帝了。
Pinyin: Wǔzétiān
Bùjiǔ qián, yǒuyī bù diànshìjù fēicháng shòu huānyíng, jiàozuò “wǔmèiniáng chuánqí”, jiǎng de shì zhōngguó lìshǐ shàng wéi yīyī wèi nǚ huángdì, wǔzétiān de gùshì. Jīntiān, wǒmen jiù lái shuō yī shuō, zhège chuánqí de rénwù.
Wǔzétiān shēnghuó zài yīqiān sānbǎi duō nián qián de táng cháo, wǔmèiniáng shì tā de lìngwài yīgè chēnghào. Tā shísì suì shí, yīnwèi zhǎng de fēicháng piàoliang, ér bèi xuǎn jìn huánggōng, chéngwéile huángdì lǐshìmínzhòngduō “qīzi” zhōng de yī wèi, bèi fēng wèi “cái rén” de tóuxián, zhè zài huángdì zhòng duō “qīzi” zhōng de dìwèi shì bǐjiào dī de.
Lǐ shì mín qùshì yǐhòu, tā de dì jiǔ gè er zi lǐ zhì, jìchéngle huángwèi. Wǔzétiān shòudào lǐ zhì de xǐ’ài, yúshì yòu chéngwéile lǐ zhì de “qīzi” zhī yī, bèi fēng wèi “zhāo yí” de tóuxián. Hòulái, tā shǐyòng shǒuduàn, shǐ huángdì lǐ zhì suǒ xǐ’ài de huánghòu hé lìng yī wèi fēizi bèi fèichúle tóuxián, ér tā zìjǐ yě jiù dāng shàngle huánghòu.
Lǐ zhì shì yīgè xìnggé bǐjiào ruǎnruò de rén, wǔzétiān biàn bāngzhù tā chǔlǐ hé juédìng guóshì. Màn man de, tā yǒngyǒule yuè lái yuè duō de zhèngzhì quánlì. Zài lǐ zhì débìng de shíhòu, wǔzétiān biàn dài tā chǔlǐ zhèngwù. Zài zhàngfū lǐ zhì qùshì yǐhòu, wǔzétiān xiānhòu ānpái zìjǐ hé lǐ zhì de liǎng gè er zi, lǐ xiǎn hé lǐ dàn dāng huángdì, ér tā zìjǐ zuòwéi huángdì de mǔqīn, qíshí zhǎngwòle zhēnzhèng de quánlì. Hòulái, tā gāncuì fèi chú le er zi de huángdì tóuxián, zìjǐ zuò qǐle huángdì.
Wǔzétiān dāngle 15 nián de huángdì. Zuòwéi yīgè nǚrén, wǔzétiān dāng huángdì de shìqíng, zài dāngshí shòudào hěnduō rén de fǎnduì. Hòulái, yīnwèi shòudào hěn dà de yālì, wǔzétiān bùdé bù bǎ huángwèi hái gěile zìjǐ de érzi lǐ xiǎn.
Wǔzétiān dāng huángdì qíjiān, fāzhǎnle zhōngguó de “kējǔ” kǎoshì zhìdù, duì zhōngguó de jiàoyù hé réncái xuǎnbá zhìdù, jìnxíngle hěn yǒuxiào de gǎishàn. Tā hái tèbié shànyú xuǎnyòng yǒu cáinéng de rén, lái bāngzhù tā zhìlǐ guójiā. Zài tā dāng huángdì de 15 niánjiān, zhōngguó de jīngjì hé wénhuà dōu yǒu bùcuò de fǎ zhǎn. Gèng zhídé yī tí de shì, dāngshí, zhōngguó de nǚxìng dìwèi yě bǐ gǔdài de qítā shíqí yào gāo. Bùguò, wǔzétiān yě dédàole hěnduō fùmiàn de píngjià, yǒurén shuō tā fēicháng de cánkù, wèile yǒngyǒu quánlì, dāng shàng huángdì, shā sǐle hěnduō rén. Bùguò, rúguǒ bùshì yīnwèi zhè zhǒng cánkù wúqíng dì xìnggé, zhōngguó de lìshǐ shàng, yěxǔ jiù bù huì chūxiàn zhèyàng yī wèi chuánqí de nǚ huángdìle.
English: Wu Zetian
Not long ago there was a soap opera on tv which was really popular called the Legend of Wumei. It was the story of the only Chinese empress in Chinese history, Wu Zetian. Today we’ll talk a little about this legendary personage.
Wu Zetian lived in the Tang Dynasty over 1300 years ago. Wumeiniang was one of the names by which she was known. When she was forty, because she was extremely beautiful, she was chosen to enter the imperial palace to become one of the many wives of the emperor Li Shimin and she was given the rank of lady in waiting, a position quite low amongst those of the emperor’s wives.
After Li Shimin’s death, his ninth son, Li Zhi, succeeded to the throne. Wu Zetian was loved by Li Zhi so she became one of his wives and received the title of zhaoyi. Later she used a trick to have the titles of all the imperial consorts and of another imperial concubine abolished and she herself assumed the position of empress.
Li Zhi was a person with a comparatively weak character so Wu Zetian helped him deal with and decide state affairs. Slowly she gained more and more political power. When Li Zhi fell ill, Wu Zetian took his place in dealing with state affairs. After the death of her husband Li Zhi, Wu Zetian arranged for her own and Li Zhi’s children, Li Xian and Li Dan to consecutively become emperor and she herself was the emperor’s mother but in fact she had the real power. Later she simply abolished her son’s title of emperor and became empress herself.
Wu Zetian was empress for fifteen years. Being a woman, the matter of Wu Zetian being empress received much opposition from people at the time. Because she received so much pressure she had to return the title of emperor to her son Li Xian.
During the reign of Wu Zetian, the Chinese system of imperial examinations was expanded and many efficacious improvements were made to Chinese education and to the system of selection of those with talent. She was also particularly good at selecting and using those with talent to help her govern the country. During the fifteen years of her reign Chinese culture and the economy both developed. It is worth noting that at that time, the position of women was higher than at other times in the past. But Wu Zetian had to put up with much negative criticism, some people saying she was ruthless and for the sake of power, when she became empress she killed many people. But if not for her cruel and merciless character, perhaps this legendary empress would never have appeared in Chinese history.
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Note:
1. 值得一提 = to be worth noting
传奇的 is used twice in the essay. This could lead to confusion – was Wu Zetian a historical figure or a figure from a legend? In fact she was historical and ‘legendary’ is only used here figuratively.
Robert Budzul robert@budzul.com
Zak Gray zak_lives@hotmail.com
Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!
