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Giản thể: 闻
前几天，一个英国当地的中文老师发了一封群邮件问大家：“闻”不是和鼻子相关吗？我们说“闻起来很香”，为什么“闻”字里面有个“耳朵”的“耳”呢？
大家都知道，汉字已经有几千年的历史了。所以汉字的意义在这几千年的过程中也有一些演变。就拿“闻”这个字来说，它最初的意思就是“听”。有个成语叫“闻鸡起舞”，原意就是一个人在半夜听到公鸡的叫声就起床舞剑练武了，后来也用来表达一个人很有理想，很有抱负，十分刻苦，能及时奋起行动。
还有一个成语“博闻强识”，意思就是，听过很多东西，记住了很多东西。形容一个人知识丰富，记忆力好。
唐朝的韩愈在《师说》这篇文章中有这样一句话：闻道有先后，术业有专攻。意思是：知道道理有先有后，技能学业各有专门研究。这里的“闻”，是“知道”的意思，最初是“听到”，然后才是“知道”。现代汉语中，词语“听闻”中的“闻”也是这个意思。
“闻”也可以作为名词用，表示听到的事情。比如：新闻，也就是最新听到的事情。当然，现代资讯发达，很多新闻也不一定是听到的，还可以是看到的。还有：见闻，就是你看到的事情和听到的事情。
“闻”还可以表示名声，也是和“听”有关，别人的名声你是怎么知道的呢？听来的嘛。比如“丑闻”。
“闻起来很香”这里的“闻”和鼻子相关，这只是“闻”这个汉字众多意义里面的一个。在我看来，这也是一种“通感”，东西从外面进入耳朵和进入鼻子，或许在中国人看来是相关的？
现在或许你还有一个疑问，“闻”字的“耳”我已经明白了，那么“门”又是怎么回事？“耳”在这里表示的是意义，“门”在这里表示声音。这是一个典型的形声字。比如你最初学过的“妈”，“女”表示意义，“马”表示声音。
作为一名汉语老师，我觉得汉字很有趣。如果你喜欢这样的文章，可以留言，或者你对汉字有什么疑问，也可以给我们留言。
Phồn thể: 聞
前幾天，一個英國當地的中文老師發了一封群郵件問大家：“聞”不是和鼻子相關嗎？我們說“聞起來很香”，為什麼“聞”字裡面有個“耳朵”的“耳”呢？
大家都知道，漢字已經有幾千年的歷史了。所以漢字的意義在這幾千年的過程中也有一些演變。就拿“聞”這個字來說，它最初的意思就是“聽”。有個成語叫“聞雞起舞”，原意就是一個人在半夜聽到公雞的叫聲就起床舞劍練武了，後來也用來表達一個人很有理想，很有抱負，十分刻苦，能及時奮起行動。
還有一個成語“博聞強識”，意思就是，聽過很多東西，記住了很多東西。形容一個人知識豐富，記憶力好。
唐朝的韓愈在《師說》這篇文章中有這樣一句話：聞道有先後，術業有專攻。意思是：知道道理有先有後，技能學業各有專門研究。這裡的“聞”，是“知道”的意思，最初是“聽到”，然後才是“知道”。現代漢語中，詞語“聽聞”中的“聞”也是這個意思。
“聞”也可以作為名詞用，表示聽到的事情。比如：新聞，也就是最新聽到的事情。當然，現代資訊發達，很多新聞也不一定是聽到的，還可以是看到的。還有：見聞，就是你看到的事情和聽到的事情。
“聞”還可以表示名聲，也是和“聽”有關，別人的名聲你是怎麼知道的呢？聽來的嘛。比如“醜聞”。
“聞起來很香”這裡的“聞”和鼻子相關，這只是“聞”這個漢字眾多意義裡面的一個。在我看來，這也是一種“通感”，東西從外面進入耳朵和進入鼻子，或許在中國人看來是相關的？
現在或許你還有一個疑問，“聞”字的“耳”我已經明白了，那麼“門”又是怎麼回事？ “耳”在這裡表示的是意義，“門”在這裡表示聲音。這是一個典型的形聲字。比如你最初學過的“媽”，“女”表示意義，“馬”表示聲音。
作為一名漢語老師，我覺得漢字很有趣。如果你喜歡這樣的文章，可以留言，或者你對漢字有什麼疑問，也可以給我們留言。
Pinyin: Wén
Qián jǐ tiān, yīgè yīngguó dāngdì de zhōngwén lǎoshī fāle yī fēng qún yóujiàn wèn dàjiā:“Wén” bùshì hé bí zǐ xiāngguān ma? Wǒmen shuō “wén qǐlái hěn xiāng”, wèishéme “wén” zì lǐmiàn yǒu gè “ěrduǒ” de “ěr” ne?
Dàjiā dōu zhīdào, hànzì yǐjīng yǒu jǐ qiān nián de lìshǐle. Suǒyǐ hànzì de yìyì zài zhè jǐ qiān nián de guòchéng zhōng yěyǒu yīxiē yǎnbiàn. Jiù ná “wén” zhège zì lái shuō, tā zuìchū de yìsi jiùshì “tīng”. Yǒu gè chéngyǔ jiào “wénjīqǐwǔ”, yuányì jiùshì yīgè rén zài bànyè tīng dào gōngjī de jiào shēng jiù qǐchuáng wǔ jiàn liànwǔle, hòulái yě yòng lái biǎodá yīgè rén hěn yǒu lǐxiǎng, hěn yǒu bàofù, shífēn kèkǔ, néng jíshí fènqǐ xíngdòng.
Hái yǒu yīgè chéngyǔ “bó wén qiáng zhì”, yìsi jiùshì, tīngguò hěnduō dōngxī, jì zhùle hěnduō dōngxī. Xíngróng yīgè rén zhīshì fēngfù, jìyìlì hǎo.
Táng cháo de hányù zài “shī shuō” zhè piān wénzhāng zhōng yǒu zhèyàng yījù huà: Wén dào yǒu xiānhòu, shù yè yǒu zhuāngōng. Yìsi shì: Zhīdào dao lǐ yǒu xiān yǒu hòu, jìnéng xuéyè gè yǒu zhuānmén yánjiū. Zhèlǐ de “wén”, shì “zhīdào” de yìsi, zuìchū shì “tīng dào”, ránhòu cái shì “zhīdào”. Xiàndài hànyǔ zhòng, cíyǔ “tīngwén” zhōng de “wén” yěshì zhège yìsi.
“Wén” yě kěyǐ zuòwéi míngcí yòng, biǎoshì tīng dào de shìqíng. Bǐrú: Xīnwén, yě jiùshì zuìxīn tīng dào de shìqíng. Dāngrán, xiàndài zīxùn fādá, hěnduō xīnwén yě bù yīdìng shì tīng dào de, hái kěyǐ shì kàn dào de. Hái yǒu: Jiànwén, jiùshì nǐ kàn dào de shìqíng hé tīng dào de shìqíng.
“Wén” hái kěyǐ biǎoshì míngshēng, yěshì hé “tīng” yǒuguān, biérén de míngshēng nǐ shì zěnme zhīdào de ne? Tīng lái de ma. Bǐrú “chǒuwén”.
“Wén qǐlái hěn xiāng” zhèlǐ de “wén” hé bí zǐ xiāngguān, zhè zhǐshì “wén” zhège hànzì zhòngduō yìyì lǐmiàn de yīgè. Zài wǒ kàn lái, zhè yěshì yī zhǒng “tōng gǎn”, dōngxī cóng wàimiàn jìnrù ěrduǒ hé jìnrù bízi, huòxǔ zài zhōngguó rén kàn lái shì xiāngguān de?
Xiànzài huòxǔ nǐ hái yǒu yīgè yíwèn,“wén” zì de “ěr” wǒ yǐjīng míngbáile, nàme “mén” yòu shì zěnme huí shì?“Ěr” zài zhèlǐ biǎoshì de shì yìyì,“mén” zài zhèlǐ biǎoshì shēngyīn. Zhè shì yīgè diǎnxíng de xíngshēng zì. Bǐrú nǐ zuìchū xuéguò de “mā”,“nǚ” biǎoshì yìyì,“mǎ” biǎoshì shēngyīn.
Zuòwéi yī míng hànyǔ lǎoshī, wǒ juédé hànzì hěn yǒuqù. Rúguǒ nǐ xǐhuān zhèyàng de wénzhāng, kěyǐ liúyán, huòzhě nǐ duì hànzì yǒu shé me yíwèn, yě kěyǐ gěi wǒmen liúyán.
English: Smell
A few days ago a Chinese teacher from England sent out a group email asking: “Isn’t ‘闻 – wén’ related to the nose? We say ‘闻起来很香’ (‘this smells really good’), so why does the character ‘闻’ have ‘耳‘ from ‘耳朵’ (ear) in the middle?”
It is well known that Chinese Characters have a few thousand years of history. Over the course of these thousands of years, the meanings of Chinese characters have developed and evolved. Take the Character ‘闻’, which first meant ‘listen’. There is a proverb that goes ‘wén jī qǐ wǔ’, which originally meant that when a person hears the crowing of a rooster in the middle of the night, they get out of bed and practise their swordsmanship. Later it was also used to convey that someone has high ideals, is very ambitious, is extremely hard working, and is able to promptly rise up with force and spirit to take action.
There is another proverb ‘bó wén qiáng jì’, which means to have heard many things, and to have remembered many things. It describes a person with rich knowledge and a powerful memory.
In an essay titled ‘师说 – shīshuō’ by the Tang Dynasty’s Hányù [1] there’s a sentence that goes something like: ‘wéndào yǒu xiān-hòu, shù yè yǒu zhuāngōng’. It means: becoming aware of the truth has a proper sequence, skills and studies each have specialized considerations. The ‘闻’ here means ‘to know’. Initially it was ‘to hear’, only later on did it become ‘to know’. In modern Mandarin, the ‘闻’ from the term ‘听闻 – to hear (news, what sb. is saying etc.)’ also contains this meaning.
‘闻‘ can also be used as a noun, expressing the affairs one has heard of. For example: ‘news’ (新闻) can also be considered the newest affairs one has heard of. Of course, in this modern era of flourishing information, a lot of news isn’t necessarily heard, but can also be viewed. Also: ‘见闻 – jiànwén’, which means the things you have seen and the things you have heard (knowledge).
‘闻’ can also express ‘reputation’, and is related to ‘听 – to hear, to listen’. How do you know of someone else’s reputation? You hear about it. For example ‘丑闻 – scandle’.
The ‘闻’ in ‘‘闻起来很香’ (‘this smells really nice’) is related to ‘鼻子 – nose’, and is just one of its many meanings. In my view, this is just a rhetorical technique [2]: things from outside enter the ears and enter the nose, or perhaps it is only from the Chinese people’s perspective they are related.
Now perhaps you still have a question: “I understand the ‘耳’ in ‘闻’, but what’s with the ‘门’?” The ‘耳’ here conveys the meaning, while the ‘门’ indicates the sound (in this case the rising tone, and ‘en’ final). This is a typical example of a ‘phonetic compound’ [3]. For example in the character ‘妈’ which you learned in the very beginning, ‘女’ represents the meaning while ‘马’ represents the sound.
As a teacher of Chinese I find that Chinese characters are very interesting. If you like this sort of essay you can leave a comment, or if you have a question about Chinese characters you can also leave a comment.
舞剑 – wǔjiàn (n.) sword-play, swordsmanship; (v.) wield (a sword); perform a sword dance
练武 – liànwǔ (v.) learn or practice martial arts
理想 – lǐxiǎng (n.) an ideal; a dream; (adj.) ideal
抱负 – bàofù (n.) ambition
刻苦 – kèkǔ (adj.) hardworking, assiduous
及时 – jíshí (adj.) timely; (adv.) promptly
奋起 – fènqǐ (v.) brace up; exert one’s self; rise with force and spirit
通感 – tōnggǎn (n.) rhetoric technique
形声字 – xíngshēngzì (n.) a picto-phonetic character
NOTES:
[1] 韩愈 – Hányù (768 – 824) was a leading Tang Dynasty statesman, philosopher, essayist and poet.
[2] ‘通感 – tōnggǎn’ isn’t found in most dictionaries. However, the Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian contains an entry in Mandarin which defines it as a ‘修辞手法’, or ‘rhetoric techinique’. Some examples include ‘甜美’ which combines ‘sweet’ and ‘beautiful’ to become ‘loved, cherished’. Another example given is when ‘冷 – cold’ or ‘暖 – warm’ are used to describe colors.
[3] ‘Phonetic compounds’ (also known as ‘phonograms’, ‘picto-phonetic characters’, or ‘semantic-plus-phonetic characters) are those Chinese characters with one element/radical indicating the meaning, and the other indicating the sound. They are one of the six methods for forming Chinese characters.
Robert Budzul (robert@budzul.com)
Zak Gray (zak_lives@hotmail.com)
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