Audio – Sách Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc – Bài 177 – Giá nhà ở Bắc Kinh (phần 2) – 北京的房价（二） (北京的房價（二）) – Běijīng de fángjià (èr)
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Giản thể: 北京的房价（二）
今天，我们来继续介绍北京的房价。在上次的文章中，我们谈到炒房现象，也就是人们买卖房产，赚取差价的行为。为了限制炒房，2010年，政府出台了“限购”政策，这个政策被人们叫做“限购令”。“限购令”规定，只有北京户口的人才可以买房；已婚的人，每个家庭只能购买两套商品住房；单身的人只能购买一套商品住房。这样，在北京可以买房的人更少了。但北京的房价并没有因此停止上涨。原因也是多方面的。
中国有句话叫，“上有政策，下有对策”。对于“限购令”，有些人会“钻空子”。比如，有些结婚的人为了多买房，就先去登记离婚，把房子给夫妻其中的一方，另一个人离婚后在单身的状态下再买一套房，之后这对夫妻再复婚，就有了三套房子。因此，在北京甚至出现过为了买房而排队登记离婚的现象。不过，排队离婚买房的肯定是有钱人，普通人一套房也买不起，更别说买多套房了。
据我了解，相对于买房，许多国家的人更喜欢租房。为什么中国人这么热衷于买房呢？在中国有个传统观念，结婚要有“婚房”，这就让买房成为了结婚的必备条件。而“婚房”一般由男方家购买，或者由双方家庭共同出钱购买，这给双方父母也带来了很大压力。
在以前的文章中，我们介绍过中国的户口政策。孩子只能在自己的户口所在地指定的学校上小学、中学。因此，好的学校所在的区域，房价就更贵。这种区域叫做“学区”，这里的房子就叫做“学区房”。
现在很多年轻人买房时会申请贷款，每个月的收入基本全部要用于还贷款，这样的人叫做“房奴”，也就是为了房子工作的奴隶。过去几年，北京的房价不断上涨。很多在北京工作、生活的年轻人担心，如果现在不买房，将来就更加买不起了。所以很多人选择买房当房奴。北京作为中国的政治、经济、文化中心，有优质的医疗和教育资源，每年都吸引了大批人才涌入。因此，也许在很长的一段时间内，北京的房价都会居高不下。
Phồn thể: 北京的房價（二）
今天，我們來繼續介紹北京的房價。在上次的文章中，我們談到炒房現象，也就是人們買賣房產，賺取差價的行為。為了限制炒房，2010年，政府出台了“限購”政策，這個政策被人們叫做“限購令”。 “限購令”規定，只有北京戶口的人才可以買房；已婚的人，每個家庭只能購買兩套商品住房；單身的人只能購買一套商品住房。這樣，在北京可以買房的人更少了。但北京的房價並沒有因此停止上漲。原因也是多方面的。
中國有句話叫，“上有政策，下有對策”。對於“限購令”，有些人會“鑽空子”。比如，有些結婚的人為了多買房，就先去登記離婚，把房子給夫妻其中的一方，另一個人離婚後在單身的狀態下再買一套房，之後這對夫妻再复婚，就有了三套房子。因此，在北京甚至出現過為了買房而排隊登記離婚的現象。不過，排隊離婚買房的肯定是有錢人，普通人一套房也買不起，更別說買多套房了。
據我了解，相對於買房，許多國家的人更喜歡租房。為什麼中國人這麼熱衷於買房呢？在中國有個傳統觀念，結婚要有“婚房”，這就讓買房成為了結婚的必備條件。而“婚房”一般由男方家購買，或者由雙方家庭共同出錢購買，這給雙方父母也帶來了很大壓力。
在以前的文章中，我們介紹過中國的戶口政策。孩子只能在自己的戶口所在地指定的學校上小學、中學。因此，好的學校所在的區域，房價就更貴。這種區域叫做“學區”，這裡的房子就叫做“學區房”。
現在很多年輕人買房時會申請貸款，每個月的收入基本全部要用於還貸款，這樣的人叫做“房奴”，也就是為了房子工作的奴隸。過去幾年，北京的房價不斷上漲。很多在北京工作、生活的年輕人擔心，如果現在不買房，將來就更加買不起了。所以很多人選擇買房當房奴。北京作為中國的政治、經濟、文化中心，有優質的醫療和教育資源，每年都吸引了大批人才湧入。因此，也許在很長的一段時間內，北京的房價都會居高不下。
Pinyin: Běijīng de fángjià (èr)
Jīntiān, wǒmen lái jìxù jièshào běijīng de fángjià. Zài shàng cì de wénzhāng zhōng, wǒmen tán dào chǎo fáng xiànxiàng, yě jiùshì rénmen mǎimài fángchǎn, zhuàn qǔ chājià de xíngwéi. Wèile xiànzhì chǎo fáng,2010 nián, zhèngfǔ chūtáile “xiàngòu” zhèngcè, zhège zhèngcè bèi rénmen jiàozuò “xiàngòu lìng”.“Xiàngòu lìng” guīdìng, zhǐyǒu běijīng hùkǒu de réncái kěyǐ mǎifáng; yǐ hūn de rén, měi gè jiātíngzhǐ néng gòumǎi liǎng tào shāngpǐn zhùfáng; dānshēn de rén zhǐ néng gòumǎi yī tào shāngpǐn zhùfáng. Zhèyàng, zài běijīng kěyǐ mǎifáng de rén gèng shǎole. Dàn běijīng de fángjià bìng méiyǒu yīncǐ tíng zhǐ shàngzhǎng. Yuányīn yěshì duō fāngmiàn de.
Zhōngguó yǒu jù huà jiào,“shàng yǒu zhèngcè, xià yǒu duìcè”. Duìyú “xiàngòu lìng”, yǒuxiē rén huì “zuānkòngzi”. Bǐrú, yǒuxiē jiéhūn de rén wèile duō mǎifáng, jiù xiān qù dēngjì líhūn, bǎ fángzi gěi fūqī qízhōng de yīfāng, lìng yīgè rén líhūn hòu zài dānshēn de zhuàngtài xià zài mǎi yī tàofáng, zhīhòu zhè duì fūqī zài fùhūn, jiù yǒule sān tàofángzi. Yīncǐ, zài běijīng shènzhì chūxiànguò wèile mǎifáng ér páiduì dēngjì líhūn de xiànxiàng. Bùguò, páiduì líhūn mǎifáng de kěndìng shì yǒu qián rén, pǔtōng rén yī tào fáng yě mǎi bù qǐ, gèng bié shuō mǎi duō tàofángle.
Jù wǒ liǎojiě, xiāngduì yú mǎifáng, xǔduō guójiā de rén gèng xǐhuān zūfáng. Wèishéme zhōngguó rén zhème rèzhōng yú mǎifáng ne? Zài zhōngguó yǒu gè chuántǒng guānniàn, jiéhūn yào yǒu “hūn fáng”, zhè jiù ràng mǎifáng chéng wéi le jiéhūn de bì bèi tiáojiàn. Ér “hūn fáng” yībān yóu nánfāng jiā gòumǎi, huòzhě yóu shuāngfāng jiātíng gòngtóng chū qián gòumǎi, zhè gěi shuāngfāng fùmǔ yě dài láile hěn dà yālì.
Zài yǐqián de wénzhāng zhōng, wǒmen jièshàoguò zhōngguó de hùkǒu zhèngcè. Háizi zhǐ néng zài zìjǐ de hùkǒu suǒzàidì zhǐdìng de xuéxiào shàng xiǎoxué, zhōngxué. Yīncǐ, hǎo de xuéxiào suǒzài de qūyù, fángjià jiù gèng guì. Zhè zhǒng qūyù jiàozuò “xuéqū”, zhèlǐ de fángzi jiù jiàozuò “xuéqū fáng”.
Xiànzài hěnduō niánqīng rén mǎifáng shí huì shēnqǐng dàikuǎn, měi gè yuè de shōurù jīběn quánbù yào yòng yú hái dàikuǎn, zhèyàng de rén jiàozuò “fáng nú”, yě jiùshì wèile fángzi gōngzuò de núlì. Guòqù jǐ nián, běijīng de fángjià bùduàn shàngzhǎng. Hěnduō zài běijīng gōngzuò, shēnghuó de niánqīng rén dānxīn, rúguǒ xiànzài bú mǎifáng, jiānglái jiù gèngjiā mǎi bù qǐle. Suǒyǐ hěnduō rén xuǎnzé mǎifáng dāng fáng nú. Běijīng zuòwéi zhōngguó de zhèngzhì, jīngjì, wénhuà zhōngxīn, yǒu yōuzhì de yīliáo hé jiàoyù zīyuán, měinián dōu xīyǐnle dàpī réncái yǒng rù. Yīncǐ, yěxǔ zài hěn zhǎng de yīduàn shíjiān nèi, běijīng de fángjià dõuhuì jū gāo bùxià.
English: Beijing housing’ price (part 2)
Today we’ll continue to introduce housing in Beijing. In the last article, we talked about the phenomenon of real estate speculation – when people buy and quickly sell houses and then profit from the difference. To limit speculation, in 2010, the government announced a ‘purchase limit’ policy, which people called a ‘command’. This policy stipulated that only people registered as residents of Beijing could buy houses; each married couple could buy two houses; a single person could only buy one property. In this way, the number of people in Beijing who could buy property decreased. But this new policy didn’t stop housing prices in Beijing from rising. The reasons for this are varied.
In China there’s a saying that goes, “up high there’s one policy; down below, there’s a way to get around it.” Some people use loopholes (‘drill a hole’) to get around the purchase restrictions. For example, in order to buy more houses, some couples will register for divorce and put both houses in one person’s name, and then after the divorce is final, the other person will buy their own house, after which the couple remarries, and then they have three houses. Because of this, there was even a phenomenon where people were even lining up to register for divorce in order to buy more houses. But the people lining up to get divorced and buy an extra house were certainly very wealthy; normal people can’t even buy one house, let alone several.
According to my understanding, many Chinese people prefer to rent houses rather than buy. Why do so many Chinese seem so zealous about buying property? There’s a traditional Chinese belief in ‘landed marriage’ that makes owning a house a necessary requirement for marriage. The house is usually bought by the groom’s family, or split between the two sets of parents, which puts even more pressure on parents.
In the last article, we introduced China’s ‘hukou’ policy. Children can only attend primary or middle school in the area determined by their hukou status. Because of this policy, housing prices in areas with very good schools are even more expensive. These types of areas are called ‘study neighborhoods’ and the houses there are known as ‘study houses’.
Right now a lot of young people are applying for loans to buy houses. They use basically all of their monthly salary to repay these loans, and are called 房奴 – slaves to their mortgage. In the past few years, Beijing’s housing prices have continued to rise. Many young people who live and work in Beijing are worried that if they don’t buy a house now, they’ll never be able to afford one, and so they choose to become ‘house slaves’.
Beijing is China’s political, economic, and cultural center, and has good medical care and education opportunities, which attracts many new people every year. Because of this, Beijing’s houses prices may remain high for a very long time.
Sam (samuel.g.smith.mail@gmail.com)
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