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Giản thể: 同性恋在中国
同性恋，指的是同种性别的人之间的恋爱，也就是男人和男人，或者女人和女人之间的恋爱。以前，虽然在中国一直有同性恋者存在，他们却一直没有一个恰当的称呼。“同性恋”这个称呼是从外语（homosexuality）中引进到中文的，它既可以指一种性取向，也可以指一种恋爱行为，还可以也指这种人群。在中国，同性恋人群还有另外一个叫法，就是“同志”。
中国的同性恋人口占中国总人口的3-4%，大约为3900万-5200万人，这相当于一个欧洲国家的总人口。在大约20年前，同性恋在中国还仍然被定为“流氓罪”。特别是在文化大革命期间，同性恋者会被人们当面叫做“流氓”，从而遭受极大的侮辱。不过，这种情况在当今的中国已经不太会出现了。近几年，有一项调查统计显示，大约九成的中国人认为，同性恋在职场上应该享受和其他人一样的待遇。
在一些西方国家，同性恋已经可以合法结婚了。在中国，虽然法律还不允许同性恋者结婚，但一直有学者和维权人士向领导人提出，要在中国实行同性恋婚姻的合法化。虽然在法律上，同性恋婚姻还不被认可，但是在社会生活中，同性恋正在被来越多的中国人所接受。特别是在大城市中，越来越多的同性恋者正在通过他们自己的民间组织，渐渐发出自己的声音。同性恋者的聚会、书籍、电影、艺术节、酒吧，等等，正在形成同性恋自己的文化。也有越来越多的同性恋者，愿意向他们的家人或者其他人表明自己的同性恋身份，这种行为叫做“出柜”。
不过，大多数的同性恋仍然会受到很大的压力。很多同性恋者因为受到父母和社会的压力，不得不和异性结婚，这往往会造成更多的家庭悲剧，对同性恋者和他们异性伴侣都会造成很大的伤害。比如，在中国出现了这样的一个人群，她们是男同性恋者的妻子，被人们叫做“同妻”。和同性恋者结婚，给她们造成了非常大的痛苦。总的来说，从法律到社会的各个方面，要改善同性恋在中国的生活状态，还有很长的路要走。
Phồn thể: 同性戀在中國
同性戀，指的是同種性別的人之間的戀愛，也就是男人和男人，或者女人和女人之間的戀愛。以前，雖然在中國一直有同性戀者存在，他們卻一直沒有一個恰當的稱呼。 “同性戀”這個稱呼是從外語（homosexuality）中引進到中文的，它既可以指一種性取向，也可以指一種戀愛行為，還可以也指這種人群。在中國，同性戀人群還有另外一個叫法，就是“同志”。
中國的同性戀人口占中國總人口的3-4%，大約為3900萬-5200萬人，這相當於一個歐洲國家的總人口。在大約20年前，同性戀在中國還仍然被定為“流氓罪”。特別是在文化大革命期間，同性戀者會被人們當面叫做“流氓”，從而遭受極大的侮辱。不過，這種情況在當今的中國已經不太會出現了。近幾年，有一項調查統計顯示，大約九成的中國人認為，同性戀在職場上應該享受和其他人一樣的待遇。
在一些西方國家，同性戀已經可以合法結婚了。在中國，雖然法律還不允許同性戀者結婚，但一直有學者和維權人士向領導人提出，要在中國實行同性戀婚姻的合法化。雖然在法律上，同性戀婚姻還不被認可，但是在社會生活中，同性戀正在被來越多的中國人所接受。特別是在大城市中，越來越多的同性戀者正在通過他們自己的民間組織，漸漸發出自己的聲音。同性戀者的聚會、書籍、電影、藝術節、酒吧，等等，正在形成同性戀自己的文化。也有越來越多的同性戀者，願意向他們的家人或者其他人表明自己的同性戀身份，這種行為叫做“出櫃”。
不過，大多數的同性戀仍然會受到很大的壓力。很多同性戀者因為受到父母和社會的壓力，不得不和異性結婚，這往往會造成更多的家庭悲劇，對同性戀者和他們異性伴侶都會造成很大的傷害。比如，在中國出現了這樣的一個人群，她們是男同性戀者的妻子，被人們叫做“同妻”。和同性戀者結婚，給她們造成了非常大的痛苦。總的來說，從法律到社會的各個方面，要改善同性戀在中國的生活狀態，還有很長的路要走。
Pinyin: Tóngxìngliàn zài zhōngguó
Tóngxìngliàn, zhǐ de shì tóng zhǒng xìngbié de rén zhī jiān de liàn’ài, yě jiùshì nánrén hé nánrén, huòzhě nǚrén hé nǚrén zhī jiān de liàn’ài. Yǐqián, suīrán zài zhōngguó yīzhí yǒu tóngxìngliàn zhě cúnzài, tāmen què yīzhí méiyǒuyīgè qiàdàng de chēnghu.“Tóngxìngliàn” zhège chēnghu shì cóng wàiyǔ (homosexuality) zhōng yǐnjìn dào zhōngwén de, tā jì kěyǐ zhǐ yī zhǒng xìng qǔxiàng, yě kěyǐ zhǐ yī zhǒng liàn’ài xíngwéi, hái kěyǐ yě zhǐ zhè zhǒng rénqún. Zài zhōngguó, tóngxìngliàn rénqún hái yǒu lìngwài yīgè jiào fǎ, jiùshì “tóngzhì”.
Zhōngguó de tóngxìngliàn rénkǒu zhàn zhōngguó zǒng rénkǒu de 3-4%, dàyuē wèi 3900 wàn-5200 wàn rén, zhè xiāngdāng yú yīgè ōuzhōu guójiā de zǒng rénkǒu. Zài dàyuē 20 nián qián, tóngxìngliàn zài zhōngguó hái réngrán bèi dìng wèi “liúmáng zuì”. Tèbié shì zài wénhuà dàgémìng qíjiān, tóngxìngliàn zhě huì bèi rénmen dāngmiàn jiàozuò “liúmáng”, cóng’ér zāoshòu jí dà de wǔrǔ. Bùguò, zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng zài dāngjīn de zhōngguó yǐjīng bù tài huì chūxiànle. Jìn jǐ nián, yǒu yī xiàng diàochá tǒngjì xiǎnshì, dàyuē jiǔ chéng de zhōngguó rén rènwéi, tóngxìngliàn zài zhíchǎng shàng yīnggāi xiǎngshòu hé qítā rén yīyàng de dàiyù.
Zài yīxiē xīfāng guójiā, tóngxìngliàn yǐjīng kěyǐ héfǎ jiéhūnle. Zài zhōngguó, suīrán fǎlǜ hái bù yǔnxǔ tóngxìngliàn zhě jiéhūn, dàn yīzhí yǒu xuézhě hé wéiquán rénshì xiàng lǐngdǎo rén tíchū, yào zài zhōngguó shíxíng tóngxìngliàn hūnyīn de héfǎ huà. Suīrán zài fǎlǜ shàng, tóngxìngliàn hūnyīn hái bù bèi rènkě, dànshì zài shèhuì shēnghuó zhōng, tóngxìngliàn zhèngzài bèi yuè lái yuè duō de zhōngguó rén suǒ jiēshòu. Tèbié shì zài dà chéngshì zhōng, yuè lái yuè duō de tóngxìngliàn zhě zhèngzài tōngguò tāmen zìjǐ de mínjiān zǔzhī, jiànjiàn fāchū zìjǐ de shēngyīn. Tóngxìngliàn zhě de jùhuì, shūjí, diànyǐng, yìshù jié, jiǔbā, děng děng, zhèngzài xíngchéng tóngxìngliàn zìjǐ de wénhuà. Yěyǒu yuè lái yuè duō de tóngxìngliàn zhě, yuànyì xiàng tāmen de jiārén huòzhě qítā rén biǎomíng zìjǐ de tóngxìngliàn shēnfèn, zhè zhǒng xíngwéi jiàozuò “chū guì”.
Bùguò, dà duō shǔ de tóngxìngliàn réngrán huì shòudào hěn dà de yālì. Hěnduō tóngxìngliàn zhě yīnwèi shòudào fùmǔ hé shèhuì de yālì, bùdé bù hé yìxìng jiéhūn, zhè wǎngwǎng huì zàochéng gèng duō de jiātíng bēijù, duì tóngxìngliàn zhě hé tāmen yìxìng bànlǚ dõuhuì zàochéng hěn dà de shānghài. Bǐrú, zài zhōngguó chūxiànle zhèyàng de yīgè rénqún, tāmen shì nán tóngxìngliàn zhě de qīzi, bèi rénmen jiàozuò “tóng qī”. Hé tóngxìngliàn zhě jiéhūn, gěi tāmen zàochéngle fēicháng dà de tòngkǔ. Zǒng de lái shuō, cóng fǎlǜ dào shèhuì de gège fāngmiàn, yào gǎishàn tóngxìngliàn zài zhōngguó de shēnghuó zhuàngtài, hái yǒu hěn zhǎng de lù yào zǒu.
English: Homosexuals in China
Homosexuality refers to love between two people of the same sex, i.e. men with men or women with women. Previously, even though homosexuals have existed all along in China, there was never an appropriate word for them. The word ‘tong xing lian’ is an imported word introduced into Chinese from outside. It can indicate a sexual orientation as well as a sexual behaviour. It can also refer to a group of people. In China, gays as a group have another appellation, namely ‘tongzhi’ (1)
The homosexual population of China accounts for 3-4% of the entire population, roughly 39 million people. This is equivalent to the total population of a European country. Approximately twenty years ago homosexuality was still established as a crime of immoral behaviour. Particularly during the Cultural Revolution, homosexuals were called rogues (2), thus they suffered great humiliation. But these circumstances aren’t very likely to occur in present day China. In recent years a survey has shown that around 90% of Chinese are of the opinion that homosexuals should receive the same treatment at work as others.
In some western countries homosexuals can already legally marry. In China, although the law doesn’t allow homosexual marriage, scholars and civil rights activists have been proposing the legalisation of homosexual marriage. Although same-sex marriages are still not accepted within the law, they are more and more accepted by society. Especially in large cities, by means of their organisations, they are gradually making themselves heard. Due to gay gatherings, books, films, cultural festivals and bars a gay culture is forming. Also, more and more gays are willing to make their identity as homosexuals known to their families or to others. This action is is know as ‘coming out of the closet’.
However, the majority of homosexuals are still under a lot of pressure in China. Due to pressure from their parents and society, many gays have no choice but to marry someone of the opposite sex. This often brings about even more family tragedies and will cause pain to gays and their partners of the opposite sex. In China a particular group of people has sprung up – the wives of homosexual men. They are called ‘tongqi’. (3) Being married to gay men can cause them much suffering. In summary, whether seen from the angle of the law or society there is still a long road ahead to improve the lot of gays in China.
(1) actually the Chinese word for ‘comrade’; the first syllable is the same as the first syllable in the word for homosexual which might account for how this word came into being
(2) the dictionary gives ‘rogue’ which doesn’t really fit here; I suspect this is rather untranslatable – during the Cultural Revolution they probably had all sorts of names they used to call people that aren’t really translatable nowadays…
(3) made up of the ‘homo’ element of ‘homosexual’ and the character for ‘wife’
– Robert Budzul (robert@budzul.com)
– Zak Gray (zak_lives@hotmail.com)
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