Thẻ: sách song ngữ trung việt

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

中国有一句古话，叫做“一山不容二虎”。一座山不能同时有两只老虎。这两只老虎，国民党和共产党，他们试着合作过几次，但最后还是分开了。经过激烈的战争之后，国民党被赶出了大陆，来到了台湾海峡的另一侧。

在中国的历史舞台上，国民党是中国最早的党，1911年建立了第一个共和国，中华民国。国民党的创始人是孙中山，被称为中国的国父。1949年，共产党打赢了内战，在北京建立了中华人民共和国。从此，世界上有了两个代表中国的政府。但实际上，他们都没有统治整个中国。后来，人们直接把大陆的中国叫中国，把岛上的中国叫台湾。

台湾是一个富饶、美丽的小岛。这是一个迷你的中国，也有自己特色。说它是一个迷你的中国，是因为很多台湾人祖辈都来自大陆。国民党去台湾的时候带去了很多人，除了军人，还有学者、科学家和艺术家等等。1955年，我家乡台州的大陈岛，岛上的居民几乎全部跟随国民党去了台湾。所以在台湾至今生活着一些跟我说着同样方言的人。同样的情况在台湾有很多很多。国民党去台湾的时候还带走了很多珍贵的文物和资料。所以北京有故宫，台北也有一个故宫。台湾也有自己的特色，是因为各种不同背景的人在台湾相遇，产生新的文化。台湾还有很多原住民，他们的文化也造就了今天的台湾文化。

半个世纪以来，从一开始两方都想要进攻对岸，到现在两岸开始合作交流。海峡两岸的关系已经达到历史上最好的情况。台湾比大陆更早开始了民主化，所以在文化、经济、政治上比大陆发展得要快得多。可以这么说，台湾是中国走向世界的大门。1970年代，台湾和韩国、香港以及新加坡一起被称为“亚洲四小龙”。它得经济带动了大陆经济。大陆也给台湾提供了巨大的市场。台湾的文化产业一直引领着大陆。从很多有名的歌手明星都来自香港台湾这件事就可以看出来。台湾的选举，也受到很多大陆朋友的关心。大陆这十几年经济变好，一方面是由于改革开放，另一方面也是学习了台湾的很多经验。

但是国际地位上的困难情况，让台湾产生了越来越多的独立意识。台湾的民进党希望把台湾变成一个独立的国家，并且重新加入联合国。但是台湾人大部分还是赞成保持现在的状态。面对台湾的这种情况，大陆政府制定了法律，表示如果台湾独立，就可能会发动战争。这是一个可悲的现实，也是谁也不愿意看到的情况。

如果不看政治。两岸的关系其实是很密切的。我没有去过台湾，但台湾人给我的印象都不错。我也有台湾的朋友。有一些特别不喜欢大陆，称自己是台湾人，不是中国人。也有一些朋友对大陆很友好，喜欢到大陆工作和生活，愿意和大陆人交朋友。我的大陆朋友里面，也有一些不喜欢台湾的，也反对他们独立。但是大部分人很喜欢台湾：喝台湾的珍珠奶茶，去台湾人的工厂上班，看台湾的电视节目，听台湾的歌曲，还计划去台湾旅行。

如果海峡两岸有一天走在一起的话，我觉得，首先，谁也不应该用“回归”这个词，也不能说谁“收复”谁。我觉得无论是几只老虎，只要放弃偏见和暴力，其实可以平等地在一座山上一起生活。他们可以轮流做这座山的老大。这座山无论是什么国体，都简称中国。

中國有一句古話，叫做“一山不容二虎”。一座山不能同時有兩隻老虎。這兩隻老虎，國民黨和共產黨，他們試著合作過幾次，但最後還是分開了。經過激烈的戰爭之後，國民黨被趕出了大陸，來到了台灣海峽的另一側。

在中國的歷史舞台上，國民黨是中國最早的黨，1911年建立了第一個共和國，中華民國。國民黨的創始人是孫中山，被稱為中國的國父。 1949年，共產黨打贏了內戰，在北京建立了中華人民共和國。從此，世界上有了兩個代表中國的政府。但實際上，他們都沒有統治整個中國。後來，人們直接把大陸的中國叫中國，把島上的中國叫台灣。

台灣是一個富饒、美麗的小島。這是一個迷你的中國，也有自己特色。說它是一個迷你的中國，是因為很多台灣人祖輩都來自大陸。國民黨去台灣的時候帶去了很多人，除了軍人，還有學者、科學家和藝術家等等。 1955年，我家鄉台州的大陳島，島上的居民幾乎全部跟隨國民黨去了台灣。所以在台灣至今生活著一些跟我說著同樣方言的人。同樣的情況在台灣有很多很多。國民黨去台灣的時候還帶走了很多珍貴的文物和資料。所以北京有故宮，台北也有一個故宮。台灣也有自己的特色，是因為各種不同背景的人在台灣相遇，產生新的文化。台灣還有很多原住民，他們的文化也造就了今天的台灣文化。

半個世紀以來，從一開始兩方都想要進攻對岸，到現在兩岸開始合作交流。海峽兩岸的關係已經達到歷史上最好的情況。台灣比大陸更早開始了民主化，所以在文化、經濟、政治上比大陸發展得要快得多。可以這麼說，台灣是中國走向世界的大門。 1970年代，台灣和韓國、香港以及新加坡一起被稱為“亞洲四小龍”。它得經濟帶動了大陸經濟。大陸也給台灣提供了巨大的市場。台灣的文化產業一直引領著大陸。從很多有名的歌手明星都來自香港台灣這件事就可以看出來。台灣的選舉，也受到很多大陸朋友的關心。大陸這十幾年經濟變好，一方面是由於改革開放，另一方面也是學習了台灣的很多經驗。

但是國際地位上的困難情況，讓台灣產生了越來越多的獨立意識。台灣的民進黨希望把台灣變成一個獨立的國家，並且重新加入聯合國。但是台灣人大部分還是讚成保持現在的狀態。面對台灣的這種情況，大陸政府制定了法律，表示如果台灣獨立，就可能會發動戰爭。這是一個可悲的現實，也是誰也不願意看到的情況。

如果不看政治。兩岸的關係其實是很密切的。我沒有去過台灣，但台灣人給我的印像都不錯。我也有台灣的朋友。有一些特別不喜歡大陸，稱自己是台灣人，不是中國人。也有一些朋友對大陸很友好，喜歡到大陸工作和生活，願意和大陸人交朋友。我的大陸朋友裡面，也有一些不喜歡台灣的，也反對他們獨立。但是大部分人很喜歡台灣：喝台灣的珍珠奶茶，去台灣人的工廠上班，看台灣的電視節目，聽台灣的歌曲，還計劃去台灣旅行。

如果海峽兩岸有一天走在一起的話，我覺得，首先，誰也不應該用“回歸”這個詞，也不能說誰“收復”誰。我覺得無論是幾隻老虎，只要放棄偏見和暴力，其實可以平等地在一座山上一起生活。他們可以輪流做這座山的老大。這座山無論是什麼國體，都簡稱中國。

Zhōngguó yǒu yījù gǔhuà, jiàozuò “yīshānbùróng’èrhǔ”. Yīzuò shān bùnéng tóngshí yǒu liǎng zhī lǎohǔ. Zhè liǎng zhī lǎohǔ, guómíndǎng hé gòngchǎndǎng, tāmen shìzhe hézuòguò jǐ cì, dàn zuìhòu háishì fēnkāile. Jīngguò jīliè de zhànzhēng zhīhòu, guómíndǎng bèi gǎn chūle dàlù, lái dàole táiwān hǎixiá de lìng yī cè.

Zài zhōngguó de lìshǐ wǔtái shàng, guómíndǎng shì zhōngguó zuìzǎo de dǎng,1911 nián jiànlìle dì yīgè gònghéguó, zhōnghuá mínguó. Guómíndǎng de chuàngshǐ rén shì sūnzhōngshān, bèi chēng wéi zhōngguó de guófù.1949 Nián, gòngchǎndǎng dǎ yíngle nèizhàn, zài běijīng jiànlìle zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó. Cóngcǐ, shìjiè shàng yǒule liǎng gè dàibiǎo zhōngguó de zhèngfǔ. Dàn shíjì shang, tāmen dōu méiyǒu tǒngzhì zhěnggè zhōngguó. Hòulái, rénmen zhíjiē bǎ dàlù de zhōngguó jiào zhōngguó, bǎ dǎo shàng de zhōngguó jiào táiwān.

Táiwān shì yīgè fùráo, měilì de xiǎo dǎo. Zhè shì mínǐ de zhōngguó, yěyǒu zìjǐ tèsè. Shuō tā shì yīgè mínǐ de zhōngguó, shì yīnwèi hěnduō táiwān rén zǔbèi dōu láizì dàlù. Guómíndǎng qù táiwān de shíhòu dài qùle hěnduō rén, chúle jūnrén, hái yǒu xuézhě, kēxuéjiā hé yìshùjiā děng děng.1955 Nián, wǒ jiāxiāng táizhōu de dà chén dǎo, dǎo shàng de jūmín jīhū quánbù gēnsuí guómíndǎng qùle táiwān. Suǒyǐ zài táiwān zhìjīn shēnghuózhe yīxiē gēn wǒ shuōzhe tóngyàng fāngyán de rén. Tóngyàng de qíngkuàng zài táiwān yǒu hěnduō hěnduō. Guómíndǎng qù táiwān de shíhòu hái dài zǒule hěnduō zhēnguì de wénwù hé zīliào. Suǒyǐ běijīng yǒu gùgōng, táiběi yěyǒu yīgè gùgōng. Táiwān yěyǒu zìjǐ de tèsè, shì yīnwèi gè zhǒng bùtóng bèijǐng de rén zài táiwān xiāngyù, chǎnshēng xīn de wénhuà. Táiwān hái yǒu hěnduō yuán zhùmín, tāmen de wénhuà yě zàojiùle jīntiān de táiwān wénhuà.

Bàn gè shìjì yǐlái, cóng yī kāishǐ liǎng fāng dōu xiǎng yào jìngōng duì’àn, dào xiànzài liǎng’àn kāishǐ hézuò jiāoliú. Hǎixiá liǎng’àn de guānxì yǐjīng dádào lìshǐ shàng zuì hǎo de qíngkuàng. Táiwān bǐ dàlù gèng zǎo kāishǐle mínzhǔ huà, suǒyǐ zài wénhuà, jīngjì, zhèngzhì shàng bǐ dàlù fāzhǎn dé yào kuài dé duō. Kěyǐ zhème shuō, táiwān shì zhōngguó zǒuxiàng shìjiè de dàmén.1970 Niándài, táiwān hé hánguó, xiānggǎng yǐjí xīnjiāpō yīqǐ bèi chēng wèi “yàzhōu sì xiǎolóng”. Tā dé jīngjì dàidòngle dàlù jīngjì. Dàlù yě gěi táiwān tígōngle jùdà de shìchǎng. Táiwān de wénhuà chǎnyè yīzhí yǐnlǐngzhe dàlù. Cóng hěnduō yǒumíng de gēshǒu míngxīng dōu láizì xiānggǎng táiwān zhè jiàn shì jiù kěyǐ kàn chūlái. Táiwān de xuǎnjǔ, yě shòudào hěnduō dàlù péngyǒu de guānxīn. Dàlù zhè shí jǐ nián jīngjì biàn hǎo, yī fāngmiàn shì yóuyú gǎigé kāifàng, lìng yī fāngmiàn yěshì xuéxíle táiwān de hěnduō jīngyàn.

Dànshì guójì dìwèi shàng de kùnnán qíngkuàng, ràng táiwān chǎnshēngle yuè lái yuè duō de dúlì yìshí. Táiwān de mín jìn dǎng xīwàng bǎ táiwān biàn chéng yīgè dúlì de guójiā, bìngqiě chóngxīn jiārù liánhéguó. Dànshì táiwān réndà bùfèn háishì zànchéng bǎochí xiànzài de zhuàngtài. Miàn duì táiwān de zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng, dàlù zhèngfǔ zhìdìngle fǎlǜ, biǎoshì rúguǒ táiwān dúlì, jiù kěnéng huì fādòng zhànzhēng. Zhè shì yī gè kěbēi de xiànshí, yěshì shéi yě bù yuànyì kàn dào de qíngkuàng.

Rúguǒ bù kàn zhèngzhì. Liǎng’àn de guānxì qíshí shì hěn mìqiè de. Wǒ méiyǒu qùguò táiwān, dàn táiwān rén gěi wǒ de yìnxiàng dōu bùcuò. Wǒ yěyǒu táiwān de péngyǒu. Yǒu yīxiē tèbié bù xǐhuān dàlù, chēng zìjǐ shì táiwān rén, bùshì zhōngguó rén. Yěyǒu yīxiē péngyǒu duì dàlù hěn yǒuhǎo, xǐhuān dào dàlù gōngzuò hé shēnghuó, yuànyì hé dàlù rén jiāo péngyǒu. Wǒ de dàlù péngyǒu lǐmiàn, yěyǒu yīxiē bù xǐhuān táiwān de, yě fǎnduì tāmen dúlì. Dànshì dà bùfèn rén hěn xǐhuān táiwān: Hē táiwān de zhēnzhū nǎichá, qù táiwān rén de gōngchǎng shàngbān, kàn táiwān de diànshì jiémù, tīng táiwān de gēqǔ, hái jìhuà qù táiwān lǚxíng.

Rúguǒ hǎixiá liǎng’àn yǒu yītiān zǒu zài yīqǐ dehuà, wǒ juédé, shǒuxiān, shéi yě bù yìng gāi yòng “huíguī” zhège cí, yě bùnéng shuō shéi “shōufù” shéi. Wǒ juédé wúlùn shì jǐ zhǐ lǎohǔ, zhǐyào fàngqì piānjiàn hé bàolì, qíshí kěyǐ píngděng dì zài yīzuò shānshàng yīqǐ shēnghuó. Tāmen kěyǐ lúnliú zuò zhè zuò shān de lǎodà. Zhè zuò shān wúlùn shì shénme guótǐ, dōu jiǎnchēng zhōngguó.

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Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

艳照，指的是私密照片或裸体照片。艳照门，就是关于艳照的一系列事件。“⋯⋯门”这种说法源于70年代初尼克松总统的“水门事件”，现在已经成为了网络流行语，指的是一些带有爆炸性的事件或新闻，通常是不好的事情。

今年9月，有黑客攻击了很多好莱坞女明星的icloud账户，把她们的艳照发到了网上，引起了全世界的轰动。这其中包括被中国粉丝称为“大表姐”的《饥饿游戏》女主角詹妮弗·劳伦斯。在接受一本杂志的采访时，詹妮弗说自己曾经试着写一封道歉信，但是又觉得没做错什么，有什么好道歉的呢？她的坦率得到了美国网友的支持。还有很多人称赞詹妮弗的身材非常好。所以，好莱坞艳照门不仅没有对詹妮弗的事业造成影响，反而让她更受欢迎了。

但是，中国的一位男演员就没有詹妮弗这么好运。几年前，他和一些女明星的艳照被曝光，整个华人社会都非常震惊。这些明星不仅遭到了中国网友的指责，事业也受到了非常大的影响。没有人再找他们拍电影，他们的广告也在电视上停止播出了。这位男演员甚至还写了一封很长的道歉信，在媒体面前读出来。

同样是艳照被曝光，为什么中美网友的反应差别这么大呢？因为中国人认为女性应该矜持。矜持（jīn chí)的意思是在别人面前尽力保持端庄和严肃。也就是说，中国人认为女性拍艳照是非常不好的，应该受到批评。大多数中国网友认为，如果不想被曝光，明星就不应该拍这种照片。只有少数人认为，最应该受到指责的是黑客和那些传播艳照的人。所以，中美网友对艳照的不同看法，说明了中国和美国社会对待性的态度，和对道德的评判标准有很大差异。

艷照，指的是私密照片或裸體照片。艷照門，就是關於艷照的一系列事件。 “⋯⋯門”這種說法源於70年代初尼克松總統的“水門事件”，現在已經成為了網絡流行語，指的是一些帶有爆炸性的事件或新聞，通常是不好的事情。

今年9月，有黑客攻擊了很多好萊塢女明星的icloud賬戶，把她們的艷照發到了網上，引起了全世界的轟動。這其中包括被中國粉絲稱為“大表姐”的《飢餓遊戲》女主角詹妮弗·勞倫斯。在接受一本雜誌的採訪時，詹妮弗說自己曾經試著寫一封道歉信，但是又覺得沒做錯什麼，有什麼好道歉的呢？她的坦率得到了美國網友的支持。還有很多人稱讚詹妮弗的身材非常好。所以，好萊塢艷照門不僅沒有對詹妮弗的事業造成影響，反而讓她更受歡迎了。

但是，中國的一位男演員就沒有詹妮弗這麼好運。幾年前，他和一些女明星的艷照被曝光，整個華人社會都非常震驚。這些明星不僅遭到了中國網友的指責，事業也受到了非常大的影響。沒有人再找他們拍電影，他們的廣告也在電視上停止播出了。這位男演員甚至還寫了一封很長的道歉信，在媒體面前讀出來。

同樣是艷照被曝光，為什麼中美網友的反應差別這麼大呢？因為中國人認為女性應該矜持。矜持（jīn chí)的意思是在別人面前盡力保持端莊和嚴肅。也就是說，中國人認為女性拍艷照是非常不好的，應該受到批評。大多數中國網友認為，如果不想被曝光，明星就不應該拍這種照片。只有少數人認為，最應該受到指責的是黑客和那些傳播艷照的人。所以，中美網友對艷照的不同看法，說明了中國和美國社會對待性的態度，和對道德的評判標準有很大差異。

Yànzhào, zhǐ de shì sīmì zhàopiàn huò luǒtǐ zhàopiàn. Yànzhào mén, jiùshì guānyú yànzhào de yī xìliè shìjiàn.“⋯⋯Mén” zhè zhǒng shuōfǎ yuán yú 70 niándài chū níkèsōng zǒngtǒng de “shuǐmén shìjiàn”, xiànzài yǐjīng chéngwéile wǎngluò liúxíng yǔ, zhǐ de shì yīxiē dài yǒu bàozhàxìng de shìjiàn huò xīnwén, tōngcháng shì bù hǎo de shìqíng.

Jīnnián 9 yuè, yǒu hēikè gōngjíle hěnduō hǎoláiwù nǚ míngxīng de icloud zhànghù, bǎ tāmen de yànzhào fā dàole wǎngshàng, yǐnqǐle quán shìjiè de hōngdòng. Zhè qízhōng bāokuò bèi zhōngguó fěnsī chēng wèi “dà biǎojiě” de “jī’è yóuxì” nǚ zhujue zhānnīfú·láolúnsī. Zài jiēshòu yī běn zázhì de cǎifǎng shí, zhānnīfú shuō zìjǐ céngjīng shìzhe xiě yī fēng dàoqiàn xìn, dànshì yòu juédé méi zuò cuò shénme, yǒu shé me hǎo dàoqiàn de ne? Tā de tǎnshuài dédàole měiguó wǎngyǒu de zhīchí. Hái yǒu hěnduō rén chēngzàn zhānnīfú de shēncái fēicháng hǎo. Suǒyǐ, hǎoláiwù yànzhào mén bùjǐn méiyǒu duì zhānnīfú de shìyè zàochéng yǐngxiǎng, fǎn’ér ràng tā gēng shòu huānyíngle.

Dànshì, zhōngguó de yī wèi nán yǎnyuán jiù méiyǒu zhānnīfú zhème hǎo yùn. Jǐ nián qián, tā hé yīxiē nǚ míngxīng de yànzhào bèi Pāoguāng, zhěnggè huárén shèhuì dōu fēicháng zhènjīng. Zhèxiē míngxīng bùjǐn zāo dàole zhōngguó wǎngyǒu de zhǐzé, shìyè yě shòudàole fēicháng dà de yǐngxiǎng. Méiyǒu rén zài zhǎo tāmen pāi diànyǐng, tāmen de guǎnggào yě zài diànshì shàng tíngzhǐ bō chūle. Zhè wèi nán yǎnyuán shènzhì hái xiěle yī fēng hěn zhǎng de dàoqiàn xìn, zài méitǐ miànqián dú chūlái.

Tóngyàng shì yànzhào bèi Pāoguāng, wèishéme zhōng měi wǎngyǒu de fǎnyìng chābié zhème dà ne? Yīn wéi zhōngguó rén rènwéi nǚxìng yīnggāi jīnchí. Jīnchí (jīn chí) de yìsi shì zài biérén miànqián jìnlì bǎochí duānzhuāng hé yánsù. Yě jiùshì shuō, zhōngguó rén rènwéi nǚxìng pāi yànzhào shì fēicháng bù hǎo de, yīnggāi shòudào pīpíng. Dà duōshù zhōngguó wǎngyǒu rènwéi, rúguǒ bùxiǎng bèi Pāoguāng, míngxīng jiù bù yìng gāi pāi zhè zhǒng zhàopiàn. Zhǐyǒu shǎoshù rén rènwéi, zuì yīnggāi shòudào zhǐzé de shì hēikè hé nàxiē chuánbò yànzhào de rén. Suǒyǐ, zhōng měi wǎngyǒu duì yànzhào de bùtóng kànfǎ, shuōmíngliǎo zhōngguó hé měiguó shèhuì duìdài xìng de tàidù, hé duì dàodé de píngpàn biāozhǔn yǒu hěn dà chāyì.

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Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

“学霸”这个词，原来是指在学术界很有影响的人物，比如像科学家爱因斯坦这样的人。“霸”在汉语中是非常有权力的意思。现在，“学霸”是一个网络词汇，它指的是既聪明又勤奋、学习成绩非常好的人。

“学霸”这个词是在网络上流行起来的，这是因为很多学霸通过网络受到了人们的关注。比如，前段时间，有一对双胞胎学霸姐妹，通过网络出了名。她们都是清华大学的学生。姐妹俩申请奖学金的答辩视频，在网络上流传开来，使很多网友惊呼“太牛了”，因为她们不仅学习成绩很好，在很多其他方面的表现也非常优秀。

还有一位在网络上火起来的学霸，也是清华大学的学生。他也是通过申请奖学金的视频而出名。我们在前面的文章中介绍过，中国的学生进入大学前，都要参加大学入学考试，叫做“高考”。考试成绩第一名的人叫做“状元”。这位学霸就曾经是一位省高考“状元”。在高中期间，他就在数学和物理方面获得了很高的奖。在大学期间，这位学霸同时读两个学位。在他的20门学科中，除了一门98分，4门99分，其他各门课都是100分满分的成绩。他的成绩让网友们非常崇拜和羡慕，大家都叫他“学神”，和“学霸”的意思差不多。

还有另外一个在网络上流行起来的词，叫做“学渣”。和学霸相反，学渣指的是不爱学习、成绩比较差的人。大家是不是见过不少的学霸和学渣呢？

“學霸”這個詞，原來是指在學術界很有影響的人物，比如像科學家愛因斯坦這樣的人。 “霸”在漢語中是非常有權力的意思。現在，“學霸”是一個網絡詞彙，它指的是既聰明又勤奮、學習成績非常好的人。

“學霸”這個詞是在網絡上流行起來的，這是因為很多學霸通過網絡受到了人們的關注。比如，前段時間，有一對雙胞胎學霸姐妹，通過網絡出了名。她們都是清華大學的學生。姐妹倆申請獎學金的答辯視頻，在網絡上流傳開來，使很多網友驚呼“太牛了”，因為她們不僅學習成績很好，在很多其他方面的表現也非常優秀。

還有一位在網絡上火起來的學霸，也是清華大學的學生。他也是通過申請獎學金的視頻而出名。我們在前面的文章中介紹過，中國的學生進入大學前，都要參加大學入學考試，叫做“高考”。考試成績第一名的人叫做“狀元”。這位學霸就曾經是一位省高考“狀元”。在高中期間，他就在數學和物理方面獲得了很高的獎。在大學期間，這位學霸同時讀兩個學位。在他的20門學科中，除了一門98分，4門99分，其他各門課都是100分滿分的成績。他的成績讓網友們非常崇拜和羨慕，大家都叫他“學神”，和“學霸”的意思差不多。

還有另外一個在網絡上流行起來的詞，叫做“學渣”。和學霸相反，學渣指的是不愛學習、成績比較差的人。大家是不是見過不少的學霸和學渣呢？

“Xué bà” zhège cí, yuánlái shì zhǐ zài xuéshù jiè hěn yǒu yǐngxiǎng de rénwù, bǐrú xiàng kēxuéjiā ài yīn sītǎn zhèyàng de rén.“Bà” zài hànyǔ zhòng shì fēicháng yǒu quánlì de yìsi. Xiànzài,“xué bà” shì yīgè wǎngluò cíhuì, tā zhǐ de shì jì cōngmíng yòu qínfèn, xuéxí chéngjī fēicháng hǎo de rén.

“Xué bà” zhège cí shì zài wǎngluò shàng liúxíng qǐlái de, zhè shì yīnwèi hěnduō xué bà tōngguò wǎngluò shòudàole rénmen de guānzhù. Bǐrú, qiánduàn shíjiān, yǒuyī duì shuāngbāotāi xué bà jiěmèi, tōngguò wǎngluò chūle míng. Tāmen dōu shì qīnghuá dàxué de xuéshēng. Jiěmèi liǎ shēnqǐng jiǎngxuéjīn de dábiàn shìpín, zài wǎngluò shàng liúchuán kāi lái, shǐ hěnduō wǎngyǒu jīng hū “tài niúle”, yīnwèi tāmen bùjǐn xuéxí chéngjī hěn hǎo, zài hěnduō qítā fāngmiàn de biǎoxiàn yě fēicháng yōuxiù.

Hái yǒuyī wèi zài wǎngluò shàng huǒ qǐlái de xué bà, yěshì qīnghuá dàxué de xuéshēng. Tā yěshì tōngguò shēnqǐng jiǎngxuéjīn de shìpín ér chūmíng. Wǒmen zài qiánmiàn de wénzhāng zhōng jièshàoguò, zhōngguó de xuéshēng jìnrù dàxué qián, dōu yào cānjiā dàxué rùxué kǎoshì, jiàozuò “gāokǎo”. Kǎoshì chéngjī dì yī míng de rén jiàozuò “zhuàngyuán”. Zhè wèi xué bà jiù céngjīng shì yī wèi shěng gāokǎo “zhuàngyuán”. Zài gāozhōng qíjiān, tā jiù zài shùxué hé wùlǐ fāngmiàn huòdéle hěn gāo de jiǎng. Zài dàxué qíjiān, zhè wèi xué bà tóngshí dú liǎng gè xuéwèi. Zài tā de 20 mén xuékē zhōng, chúle yī mén 98 fēn,4 mén 99 fēn, qítā gè mén kè dōu shì 100 fēn mǎnfēn de chéngjī. Tā de chéngjī ràng wǎngyǒumen fēicháng chóngbài hé xiànmù, dàjiā dōu jiào tā “xué shén”, hé “xué bà” de yìsi chàbùduō.

Hái yǒu lìngwài yīgè zài wǎngluò shàng liúxíng qǐlái de cí, jiàozuò “xué zhā”. Hé xué bà xiāngfǎn, xué zhā zhǐ de shì bù ài xuéxí, chéngjī bǐjiào chà de rén. Dàjiā shì bùshì jiànguò bu shǎo de xué bà hé xué zhā ne?

The word ‘xueba’ originally referred to a personage who has had or has a great influence in academic circles, such as Einstein. ‘Ba’ in Chinese has the meaning of extremely powerful or authoritative. Nowadays ‘xueba’ is an internet term and refers to someone both intelligent and diligent, someone with extremely good results at study.

The reason that ‘xueba’ has become popular on the internet is because many ‘xueba’ have grabbed people’s attention on the internet.

For example, recently two ‘xueba’ twins have become famous on the internet. Both of them are students at Tsinghua University. The video of their oral defense of the application for a university scholarship went viral on the internet and caused many netizens to cry out ‘wow’ in awe because they not only have excellent results but they have shown themselves to be outstanding in many other fields besides study.

There is another ‘xueba’ who has become hot news on the internet. He’s also a Tsinghua University student. He also became famous through his video of his scholarship application. In a previous essay we have already spoken about the fact that in China students need to sit a university entrance examination called the ‘gaokao’. The student with the best mark in the ‘gaokao’ is called the ‘zhuangyuan’. This ‘xueba’ was once the ‘zhuangyuan’ in his province. At high school he received many awards in mathematics and physics. At university this ‘xueba’ studied for two degrees at the same time. In the twenty subjects that he took, except for 1 score of 98 and 4 scores of 99, in the other subjects he attained the maximum score of 100. His successes led netizens to worship and admire him, with everyone calling him ‘xueshen’ (study god), a meaning about the same as ‘xueba’.

There is another word that has become popular on the internet, called ‘xuezha’. The opposite of ‘xueba’, ‘xuezha’ refers to someone that doesn’t love study with relatively poor results. I suppose all of you have met quite a few ‘xueba’ and ‘xuezha’?

by Robert Budzul

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Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

在中国，经常可以看到一些人推着三轮车，在路边、火车站或者旅游景点摆摊卖东西。这些摆摊的人叫做小贩。小贩一般都是农民或者农民工。虽然小摊很方便，但是在政府的眼里，这是一幅不好看的画面。这个时候，城管就出现了。

城管面对的，一般都是社会底层的人。城管开了罚单，还要把小摊搬走。所以小贩们看到城管又怕又恨。城管一来，马上就逃跑；被抓到的，就很倒霉。城管为了完成任务，也往往变得更加暴力，对小贩没有任何同情心。小贩觉得受到侮辱，也会和城管拼命。于是，冲突就一次又一次地爆发了，悲剧也就不可避免。

2009年，夏俊峰和妻子在沈阳摆摊。来了十多名城管，由于他们的反抗，城管打翻了他们的小摊，还打了夏俊峰。后来还把夏俊峰带到城管的办公室继续打他。夏俊峰为了自卫，刺死了两名城管。于是夏俊峰被判处死刑。这件事情引起了很大的轰动，很多人为夏俊峰的死感到可惜，但是死去的城管队员也是值得人们同情的。

虽然很多人对城管没有好感，但作为城管，他们也是完成自己的任务。所以，归根结底，这个问题的原因，并不在他们本身。除了清除小摊，城管还参与拆除违章建筑等任务。在拆除的现场同样发生了很多很多的悲剧，腐败的官员和城管在一起，为了自己的经济利益，完全不在乎老百姓的生死。习近平当了国家主席之后，做的主要改革，就是要解决这种严重的腐败问题。

在中國，經常可以看到一些人推著三輪車，在路邊、火車站或者旅遊景點擺攤賣東西。這些擺攤的人叫做小販。小販一般都是農民或者農民工。雖然小攤很方便，但是在政府的眼裡，這是一幅不好看的畫面。這個時候，城管就出現了。

城管面對的，一般都是社會底層的人。城管開了罰單，還要把小攤搬走。所以小販們看到城管又怕又恨。城管一來，馬上就逃跑；被抓到的，就很倒霉。城管為了完成任務，也往往變得更加暴力，對小販沒有任何同情心。小販覺得受到侮辱，也會和城管拼命。於是，衝突就一次又一次地爆發了，悲劇也就不可避免。

2009年，夏俊峰和妻子在瀋陽擺攤。來了十多名城管，由於他們的反抗，城管打翻了他們的小攤，還打了夏俊峰。後來還把夏俊峰帶到城管的辦公室繼續打他。夏俊峰為了自衛，刺死了兩名城管。於是夏俊峰被判處死刑。這件事情引起了很大的轟動，很多人為夏俊峰的死感到可惜，但是死去的城管隊員也是值得人們同情的。

雖然很多人對城管沒有好感，但作為城管，他們也是完成自己的任務。所以，歸根結底，這個問題的原因，並不在他們本身。除了清除小攤，城管還參與拆除違章建築等任務。在拆除的現場同樣發生了很多很多的悲劇，腐敗的官員和城管在一起，為了自己的經濟利益，完全不在乎老百姓的生死。習近平當了國家主席之後，做的主要改革，就是要解決這種嚴重的腐敗問題。

Zài zhōngguó, jīngcháng kěyǐ kàn dào yīxiē rén tuī zhe sānlúnchē, zài lù biān, huǒchē zhàn huòzhě lǚyóu jǐngdiǎn bǎi tān mài dōngxī. Zhèxiē bǎi tān de rén jiàozuò xiǎofàn. Xiǎofàn yībān dōu shì nóngmín huòzhě nóngmín gōng. Suīrán xiǎo tān hěn fāngbiàn, dànshì zài zhèngfǔ de yǎn lǐ, zhè shì yī fú bù hǎokàn de huàmiàn. Zhège shíhòu, chéngguǎn jiù chūxiànle.

Chéngguǎn miàn duì de, yībān dōu shì shèhuì dǐcéng de rén. Chéngguǎn kāile fádān, hái yào bǎ xiǎo tān bān zǒu. Suǒyǐ xiǎofànmen kàn dào chéngguǎn yòu pà yòu hèn. Chéngguǎn yī lái, mǎshàng jiù táopǎo; bèi zhuā dào de, jiù hěn dǎoméi. Chéngguǎn wèile wánchéng rènwù, yě wǎngwǎng biàn dé gèngjiā bàolì, duì xiǎofàn méiyǒu rènhé tóngqíng xīn. Xiǎofàn juédé shòudào wǔrǔ, yě huì hé chéngguǎn pīnmìng. Yúshì, chōngtú jiù yīcì yòu yīcì de bàofāle, bēijù yě jiù bùkě bìmiǎn.

2009 Nián, xiàjùnfēng hé qīzi zài shěnyáng bǎi tān. Láile shí duō míng chéngguǎn, yóuyú tāmen de fǎnkàng, chéngguǎn dǎ fānle tāmen de xiǎo tān, hái dǎle xiàjùnfēng. Hòulái hái bǎ xiàjùnfēng dài dào chéngguǎn de bàngōngshì jìxù dǎ tā. Xiàjùnfēng wèile zìwèi, cì sǐle liǎng míng chéngguǎn. Yúshì xiàjùnfēng bèi pànchǔ sǐxíng. Zhè jiàn shìqíng yǐnqǐle hěn dà de hōngdòng, hěnduō rénwéi xiàjùnfēng de sǐ gǎndào kěxí, dànshì sǐqù de chéngguǎn duìyuán yěshì zhídé rénmen tóngqíng de.

Suīrán hěnduō rén duì chéngguǎn méiyǒu hǎogǎn, dàn zuòwéi chéngguǎn, tāmen yěshì wánchéng zìjǐ de rènwù. Suǒyǐ, guīgēnjiédǐ, zhège wèntí de yuányīn, bìng bùzài tāmen běnshēn. Chúle qīngchú xiǎo tān, chéngguǎn hái cānyù chāichú wéizhāng jiànzhú děng rènwù. Zài chāichú de xiànchǎng tóngyàng fāshēngle hěnduō hěnduō de bēijù, fǔbài de guānyuán hé chéngguǎn zài yīqǐ, wèile zìjǐ de jīngjì lìyì, wánquán bùzàihū lǎobǎixìng de shēngsǐ. Xíjìnpíng dāngle guójiā zhǔxí zhīhòu, zuò de zhǔyào gǎigé, jiùshì yào jiějué zhè zhǒng yánzhòng de fǔbài wèntí.

In China it’s common to see people pushing tricycles to set up stalls selling things by the side of the road, at railway stations or at tourist sites. These people setting up stalls are called hawkers. Hawkers are mainly peasants from the countryside or migrant workers. Although these stalls are convenient, in the eyes of the government these are not a welcome scene. Then the ‘cheng guan’ appear. [cheng guan – a type of government force – apart from the police – which polices this sort of non-criminal infringement]

Those confronting the cheng guan are mainly at the bottom rung of society. After writing out infringement notices the cheng guan will also carry away the stall. So when the hawkers see cheng guan they feel fear and also hate. Once the cheng guan arrive they immediately run away; those caught are really out of luck. In order to fulfill their mission the cheng guan often become even more violent and show no sympathy towards the hawkers. The hawkers feel humiliated and will fight with the cheng guan as if their lives depended on it. So conflicts break out over and over again and tragedy can’t be avoided.

In 2009, Xia Junfeng and his wife had set up a street stall in Shenyang. Over ten chen guan arrived and because they resisted, the chen guan overturned their stall and also beat Xia Junfeng. Then they also took Xia Junfeng to their office and continued the beating. To defend himself Xia Junfeng stabbed and killed two of the cheng guan. Consequently Xia Junfeng was sentenced to death. This event caused a sensation. Many people felt bad about the death of Xia Junfeng but the two dead cheng guan also deserve people’s sympathy.

Although many people don’t have a good opinion of cheng guan, cheng guan are also fulfilling their assignments as cheng guan, so in the final analysis, the root cause of this problem is absolutely not they themselves. Apart from getting rid of hawkers, cheng guan also participate in tasks such as tearing down illegal constructions. In the same way, many tragedies occur at the scene of these demolitions. Corrupt officials and cheng guan act as one and for the sake of monetary gain don’t care at all whether ordinary people live or die.

Since becoming party chairman, Xin Jinping has carried out some major reforms exactly with the aim of resolving this kind of serious problem of – that of corruption.

Translation by Robert Budzul

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! Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

这个月我去美国出差，一起去的几个中国同事之前从来没有去过美国，所以他们对美国社会的很多方面感到非常新鲜。今天我就跟大家说说中国人去美国前没想到的三件事。

第一件事就是喝冰水。在中国人的观念中，温水最有益于身体健康，喝凉水很容易肚子疼，喝热水对食道不好。中国人喜欢喝茶，有时候宁愿喝很烫的水，也不喝冰水。而在美国餐馆吃饭，服务员一开始就会端来一大杯加冰块的水，这让我的同事们很不能接受，于是都要求换成常温的水或者热水。另外，中国人的一天三顿饭基本都是热的，有些人还喜欢吃很烫的食物，比如火锅。而美国人早餐喝的牛奶和橙汁是从冰箱里直接拿出来的，午餐和晚餐也可以吃没有加热过的三明治。所以吃凉的食物，对刚到美国的中国人来说真是一种挑战。

第二件事是穿拖鞋。中国的酒店一般都会提供一次性的拖鞋，因为中国人习惯在进入房间后换上拖鞋。如果你去中国人家里作客，主人也会邀请你在进门时换上拖鞋。原因是外面的地面很脏，换上拖鞋可以保持房间地面的干净。我的美国朋友对我说，到中国来之前他从来没有穿过拖鞋，因为美国人家里一般都铺地毯，回家后就直接踩在地毯上，没有穿拖鞋的习惯。而大多数中国人家里都铺着木地板或者地板砖，穿上拖鞋后，双脚会更温暖和舒适。所以中国人每次出差，一般都会习惯带一双轻便的拖鞋。

第三个让中国人没想到的是美国卫生间里的纸。中国很多公共场所的卫生间，比如商场、公园、加油站、医院、车站等等，是不提供厕所用纸的。所以很多中国人出门都会随身带一包纸巾。而美国的卫生间内都有厕所用纸，大部分卫生间还提供可以垫在马桶座上的纸，这让我觉得非常方便卫生。现在，中国一些比较高档的场所也会提供厕所用纸，但这种做法并没有在全国普及。有人说，要了解一个国家的发达程度，只要去厕所看看就知道了。我觉得这种说法是有一定道理的。

因为文化和社会制度的差异，中国人和美国人在生活习惯上还有很多很多的不同。但是正因为如此，旅行才会变得更加丰富有趣。如果你是生活在中国的外国朋友，欢迎留言告诉我们，来中国前你没想到的事儿。最后祝大家新年快乐！Happy New Year!

這個月我去美國出差，一起去的幾個中國同事之前從來沒有去過美國，所以他們對美國社會的很多方面感到非常新鮮。今天我就跟大家說說中國人去美國前沒想到的三件事。

第一件事就是喝冰水。在中國人的觀念中，溫水最有益於身體健康，喝涼水很容易肚子疼，喝熱水對食道不好。中國人喜歡喝茶，有時候寧願喝很燙的水，也不喝冰水。而在美國餐館吃飯，服務員一開始就會端來一大杯加冰塊的水，這讓我的同事們很不能接受，於是都要求換成常溫的水或者熱水。另外，中國人的一天三頓飯基本都是熱的，有些人還喜歡吃很燙的食物，比如火鍋。而美國人早餐喝的牛奶和橙汁是從冰箱裡直接拿出來的，午餐和晚餐也可以吃沒有加熱過的三明治。所以吃涼的食物，對剛到美國的中國人來說真是一種挑戰。

第二件事是穿拖鞋。中國的酒店一般都會提供一次性的拖鞋，因為中國人習慣在進入房間後換上拖鞋。如果你去中國人家裡作客，主人也會邀請你在進門時換上拖鞋。原因是外面的地面很髒，換上拖鞋可以保持房間地面的干淨。我的美國朋友對我說，到中國來之前他從來沒有穿過拖鞋，因為美國人家裡一般都鋪地毯，回家後就直接踩在地毯上，沒有穿拖鞋的習慣。而大多數中國人家裡都鋪著木地板或者地板磚，穿上拖鞋後，雙腳會更溫暖和舒適。所以中國人每次出差，一般都會習慣帶一雙輕便的拖鞋。

第三個讓中國人沒想到的是美國衛生間裡的紙。中國很多公共場所的衛生間，比如商場、公園、加油站、醫院、車站等等，是不提供廁所用紙的。所以很多中國人出門都會隨身帶一包紙巾。而美國的衛生間內都有廁所用紙，大部分衛生間還提供可以墊在馬桶座上的紙，這讓我覺得非常方便衛生。現在，中國一些比較高檔的場所也會提供廁所用紙，但這種做法並沒有在全國普及。有人說，要了解一個國家的發達程度，只要去廁所看看就知道了。我覺得這種說法是有一定道理的。

因為文化和社會制度的差異，中國人和美國人在生活習慣上還有很多很多的不同。但是正因為如此，旅行才會變得更加豐富有趣。如果你是生活在中國的外國朋友，歡迎留言告訴我們，來中國前你沒想到的事兒。最後祝大家新年快樂！ Happy New Year!

Zhège yuè wǒ qù měiguó chūchāi, yīqǐ qù de jǐ gè zhōngguó tóngshì zhīqián cónglái méiyǒuqùguò měiguó, suǒyǐ tāmen duì měiguó shèhuì de hěnduō fāngmiàn gǎndào fēicháng xīnxiān. Jīntiān wǒ jiù gēn dàjiā shuō shuō zhōngguó rén qù měiguó qián méi xiǎngdào de sān jiàn shì.

Dì yī jiàn shì jiùshì hē bīng shuǐ. Zài zhōngguó rén de guānniàn zhōng, wēnshuǐ zuì yǒuyì yú shēntǐ jiànkāng, hē liángshuǐ hěn róngyì dùzi téng, hē rè shuǐ duì shídào bù hǎo. Zhōngguó rén xǐhuān hē chá, yǒu shíhòu nìngyuàn hē hěn tàng de shuǐ, yě bù hē bīng shuǐ. Ér zài měiguó cānguǎn chīfàn, fúwùyuán yī kāishǐ jiù huì duān lái yī dà bēi jiā bīng kuài de shuǐ, zhè ràng wǒ de tóngshìmen hěn bùnéng jiēshòu, yúshì dōu yāoqiú huàn chéng chángwēn de shuǐ huòzhě rè shuǐ. Lìngwài, zhōngguó rén de yītiān sān dùn fàn jīběn dōu shì rè de, yǒuxiē rén hái xǐhuān chī hěn tàng de shíwù, bǐrú huǒguō. Ér měiguó rén zǎocān hē de niúnǎi hé chéngzhī shì cóng bīngxiāng lǐ zhíjiē ná chūlái de, wǔcān hé wǎncān yě kěyǐ chī méiyǒu jiārèguò de sānmíngzhì. Suǒyǐ chī liáng de shíwù, duì gāng dào měiguó de zhōngguó rén lái shuō zhēnshi yī zhǒng tiǎozhàn.

De èr jiàn shì shì chuān tuōxié. Zhōngguó de jiǔdiàn yībān dõuhuì tígōng yīcì xìng de tuōxié, yīn wéi zhōngguó rén xíguàn zài jìnrù fángjiān hòu huàn shàng tuōxié. Rúguǒ nǐ qù zhōngguó rén jiālǐ zuòkè, zhǔrén yě huì yāoqǐng nǐ zài jìnmén shí huàn shàng tuōxié. Yuányīn shì wàimiàn de dìmiàn hěn zàng, huàn shàng tuōxié kěyǐ bǎochí fángjiān dìmiàn de gānjìng. Wǒ dì měiguó péngyǒu duì wǒ shuō, dào zhōngguó lái zhīqián tā cónglái méiyǒu chuānguò tuōxié, yīnwèi měiguó rén jiālǐ yībān dōu pū dìtǎn, huí jiā hòu jiù zhíjiē cǎi zài dìtǎn shàng, méiyǒu chuān tuōxié de xíguàn. Ér dà duōshù zhōngguó rén jiālǐ dōu pùzhe mù dìbǎn huòzhě dìbǎn zhuān, chuān shàng tuōxié hòu, shuāng jiǎo huì gèng wēnnuǎn huo shūshì. Suǒyǐ zhōngguó rén měi cì chūchāi, yībān dõuhuì xíguàn dài yīshuāng qīngbiàn de tuōxié.

Dì sān gè ràng zhōngguó rén méi xiǎngdào de shì měiguó wèishēngjiān lǐ de zhǐ. Zhōngguó hěnduō gōnggòng chǎngsuǒ de wèishēngjiān, bǐrú shāngchǎng, gōngyuán, jiāyóu zhàn, yīyuàn, chēzhàn děng děng, shì bù tígōng cèsuǒ yòng zhǐ de. Suǒyǐ hěnduō zhōngguó rén chūmén dõuhuì suíshēn dài yī bāo zhǐjīn. Ér měiguó de wèishēngjiān nèi dōu yǒu cèsuǒ yòng zhǐ, dà bùfèn wèishēngjiān hái tígōng kěyǐ diàn zài mǎtǒng zuò shàng de zhǐ, zhè ràng wǒ juédé fēicháng fāngbiàn wèishēng. Xiànzài, zhōngguó yīxiē bǐjiào gāodàng de chǎngsuǒ yě huì tígōng cèsuǒ yòng zhǐ, dàn zhè zhǒng zuòfǎ bìng méiyǒu zài quánguó pǔjí. Yǒurén shuō, yào liǎo jiè yīgè guójiā de fǎ dá chéngdù, zhǐyào qù cèsuǒ kàn kàn jiù zhīdàole. Wǒ juédé zhè zhǒng shuōfǎ shì yǒu yīdìng dàolǐ de.

Yīnwèi wénhuà hé shèhuì zhìdù de chāyì, zhōngguó rén hé měiguó rén zài shēnghuó xíguàn shàng hái yǒu hěnduō hěnduō de bùtóng. Dànshì zhèng yīnwèi rúcǐ, lǚxíng cái huì biàn dé gèngjiā fēngfù yǒu qù. Rúguǒ nǐ shì shēnghuó zài zhōngguó de wàiguó péngyǒu, huānyíng liúyán gàosù wǒmen, lái zhōngguó qián nǐ méi xiǎngdào de shì er. Zuìhòu zhù dàjiā xīnnián kuàilè!Happy New Year!

This month I went to America on business. Some of the my Chinese colleagues who went with me had never been to America, so when looking at American society they find it in many regards rather strange. So today I’m going to talk about three things that Chinese never expect before going to America.

The first thing is drinking ice water. In the mind of Chinese, warm water is best for one’s health. If one drinks iced water it’s easy to get a stomach ache and hot water is bad for the oesophagus. Chinese like to drink tea. Sometimes they would rather drink scalding hot water than ice water. And in American restaurants the waiter will start by bringing a glass of cold water with ice in it. This was something my colleagues could not accept so all of them would then ask for it to be changed for water of normal temperature or hot water. In addition, the three meals in a day of the Chinese are basically also hot. Some people also like to eat extremely hot [temperature hot] food such as hot pot. While the milk and the orange juice that Americans eat at breakfast time are taken directly from the fridge and for lunch or tea [evening meal in my dialect of English] they might eat a sandwich which hasn’t been warmed up. So for Chinese who have just arrived in America, eating cold food really is a challenge.

The second thing is the wearing of flip-flops. In general, Chinese hotels will supply disposable flip-flops because in general Chinese like to change into flip-flops once they enter their room. If you go to a Chinese person’s home as a guest, the host will ask you to change into flip-flops once you go inside. Because the ground outside is very dirty so changing into flip-flops will help keep the floor inside clean. My American friends tell me that they had never worn flip-flops before going to China because most American homes are carpeted so when they come home they just step directly on the carpet and they don’t have the habit of wearing flip-flops. Most Chinese homes either have wooden flooring or tiles so wearing slippers the feet will be warmer and more comfortable. So when Chinese travel for business they generally take with them a pair of light flip-flops.

The third thing that Chinese don’t expect is the paper in American toilets. The toilets in a lot of public places in China, for example those in markets, parks, petrol stations, hospitals, stations etc., do not supply toilet paper so when Chinese leave home they often take with them a pack of tissues. But American toilets all have toilet paper and in the majority of toilets they even supply special paper to pad the toilet seat itself which leaves me feeling very convenient and hygienic. Nowadays in China, in comparatively high class establishments they will also supply toilet paper but this way of doing things in definitely not widespread througout the country. Some people say that if you want to get an idea of how far a country has advanced you just need to go to the toilets and have a look and you’ll know. I think there is some truth in this.

Because of differences in culture and society, Chinese and Americans still have many differences in daily living habits. But exactly for this reason travel becomes even more richly interesting. If you are a foreigner living in China you are welcome to leave a message detailing things you didn’t think of before coming to China. And finally a happy new year to everyone.

Robert

Xem danh sách các bài khác

Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

互联网让每个人都可以向世界展示自己、分享自己的作品。于是，就出现了“网络神曲”。《神曲》其实是意大利诗人但丁的作品。但是，我们今天说的“网络神曲”，字面上的意思就是：通过网络传播的“奇特”的歌曲……

要说2014年最火的网络神曲，排第一的，肯定就是《小苹果》了。这是筷子兄弟的一首电子舞曲，来自他们最近的一部电影。这首歌曲跟几年前非常火的韩国舞曲《Gangnam Style》非常相似，旋律也很简单。你听完之后，脑子里会一直重播它的旋律。《小苹果》的团队也做了病毒式营销，他们在很多网站上发布这首歌，也邀请了很多明星去模仿这首歌的舞蹈。这样的网络神曲，最喜欢的肯定是中国的广场舞大妈了。所以，突然之间，大街小巷都在放《小苹果》。很多人像我一样，完全不能欣赏这首歌，但是也不得不承认，脑子里再也无法忘记这个旋律。

如果你还想听听其他的网络神曲，我还可以推荐给大家几首歌，比如：王蓉的《小鸡小鸡》，这首歌和《What Does The Fox Say?》有的一拼。我之前给大家介绍过好妹妹乐队，他们最近也受不了网络神曲的热潮，也创作了一首歌，叫做《蛇精病不会动》，专门用来讽刺那些整过容、爱自拍的女孩子，大家快去听一听，洗洗脑吧。

互聯網讓每個人都可以向世界展示自己、分享自己的作品。於是，就出現了“網絡神曲”。 《神曲》其實是意大利詩人但丁的作品。但是，我們今天說的“網絡神曲”，字面上的意思就是：通過網絡傳播的“奇特”的歌曲……

要說2014年最火的網絡神曲，排第一的，肯定就是《小蘋果》了。這是筷子兄弟的一首電子舞曲，來自他們最近的一部電影。這首歌曲跟幾年前非常火的韓國舞曲《Gangnam Style》非常相似，旋律也很簡單。你聽完之後，腦子裡會一直重播它的旋律。 《小蘋果》的團隊也做了病毒式營銷，他們在很多網站上發布這首歌，也邀請了很多明星去模仿這首歌的舞蹈。這樣的網絡神曲，最喜歡的肯定是中國的廣場舞大媽了。所以，突然之間，大街小巷都在放《小蘋果》。很多人像我一樣，完全不能欣賞這首歌，但是也不得不承認，腦子裡再也無法忘記這個旋律。

如果你還想听聽其他的網絡神曲，我還可以推薦給大家幾首歌，比如：王蓉的《小雞小雞》，這首歌和《What Does The Fox Say?》有的一拼。我之前給大家介紹過好妹妹樂隊，他們最近也受不了網絡神曲的熱潮，也創作了一首歌，叫做《蛇精病不會動》，專門用來諷刺那些整過容、愛自拍的女孩子，大家快去聽一聽，洗洗腦吧。

Hùliánwǎng ràng měi gèrén dōu kěyǐ xiàng shìjiè zhǎnshì zìjǐ, fēnxiǎng zìjǐ de zuòpǐn. Yúshì, jiù chūxiànle “wǎngluò shénqū”.“Shénqū” qíshí shì yìdàlì shīrén dàn dīng de zuòpǐn. Dànshì, wǒmen jīntiān shuō de “wǎngluò shénqū”, zìmiàn shàng de yìsi jiùshì: Tōngguò wǎngluò chuánbò de “qítè” de gēqǔ……

yào shuō 2014 nián zuì huǒ de wǎngluò shénqū, pái dì yī de, kěndìng jiùshì “xiǎo píngguǒ”le. Zhè shì kuàizi xiōngdì de yī shǒu diànzǐ wǔqǔ, láizì tāmen zuìjìn de yī bù diànyǐng. Zhè shǒu gēqǔ gēn jǐ nián qián fēicháng huǒ de hánguó wǔqǔ “Gangnam Style” fēicháng xiāngsì, xuánlǜ yě hěn jiǎndān. Nǐ tīng wán zhīhòu, nǎozi lǐ huì yīzhí chóngbò tā de xuánlǜ.“Xiǎo píngguǒ” de tuánduì yě zuòle bìngdú shì yíngxiāo, tāmen zài hěnduō wǎngzhàn shàng fābù zhè shǒu gē, yě yāoqǐngle hěnduō míngxīng qù mófǎng zhè shǒu gē de wǔdǎo. Zhèyàng de wǎngluò shénqū, zuì xǐhuān de kěndìng shì zhōngguó de guǎngchǎng wǔ dàmāle. Suǒyǐ, túrán zhī jiān, dàjiē xiǎo xiàng dōu zài fàng “xiǎo píngguǒ”. Hěnduō rénxiàng wǒ yīyàng, wánquán bùnéng xīnshǎng zhè shǒu gē, dànshì yě bùdé bù chéngrèn, nǎozi lǐ zài yě wúfǎ wàngjì zhège xuánlǜ.

Rúguǒ nǐ hái xiǎng tīng tīng qítā de wǎngluò shénqū, wǒ hái kěyǐ tuījiàn gěi dàjiā jǐ shǒu gē, bǐrú: Wáng róng de “xiǎo jī xiǎo jī”, zhè shǒu gē hé “What Does The Fox Say?” Yǒu de yī pīn. Wǒ zhīqián gěi dàjiā jièshàoguò hǎo mèimei yuèduì, tāmen zuìjìn yě shòu bùliǎo wǎngluò shénqū de rècháo, yě chuàngzuòle yī shǒu gē, jiàozuò “shé jīng bìng bù huì dòng”, zhuānmén yòng lái fèngcì nàxiē zhěngguò róng, ài zìpāi de nǚ háizi, dàjiā kuài qù tīng yī tīng, xǐ xǐnǎo ba.

The internet gives everyone the chance to present themselves to the world and to share their works. Consequently there is a new phenomenon – the internet ‘shenqu’. ‘Shenqu’ is actually a work by the Italian poet Dante. But the internet ‘shenqu’ that we’re talking about today literally means a strange song that has been spread on the internet.

As for the hottest internet ‘shenqu’ of 2014, number one would definitely be ‘Xiao Pingguo’. This is a piece of electronic dance music by the Chopsticks Brothers and it comes from their most recent film. This song has a lot in common with a Korean dance that was extremely popular a few years ago – Gangnam Style – and the melody is extremely simple. After hearing it your brain will keep playing it over again in your head. The team responsible for ‘Xiao Pingguo’ also engaged in
some viral marketing; they announced this song on many websites and also invited many stars to make other vesions of the dance from this song. Those that liked it the most are the aunties that can be seen dancing in city squares all over China. (1) So suddenly, you could hear ‘Xiao Pingguo’ in every street and alley. Many people are like me and just can’t appreciate this song but one must admit that the brain will in no way forget it.

If you still want to hear some other internet ‘shenqu’ there are other songs to recommend, for example: Rong Wang’s ‘Xiaoji, Xiaoji’. This song and ‘What Does the Fox Say’ are much of a muchness.(2) Previously I’ve spoken about ‘Hao Mei Mei Band’. Recently they also could no longer bear the mass fever produced by ‘shenqu’ and created a song called ‘She Jing Bing Bu Hui Dong’. (3) In particular it satirises those girls that have gone overboard with plastic surgery, the sort that like taking selfies. Everyone go and listen. Clear your brains.

1. All over China, in every city, Chinese gather to dance together – often aerobics style – they are mostly older women hence
the reference to ‘aunties’.

2. 有的一拼: strangely this is apparently missing from many dictionaries. A和B有得一拼 is often used to mean A is just as bad as B, though it doesn’t have to be negative. It usually refers to extremes.

3. 蛇精病 is internet slang and is similar in meaning (and sound) to 神经病. In addition 蛇精 occurs in a well-known animated series from China. This 蛇精 has a triangular face so the reference in the song could be seen as comparing some faces after plastic surgery to the 蛇精.

by Robert Budzul

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Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

大家都知道，中国人特别喜欢红色。以前，中国人结婚的时候，新娘和新郎都会穿上红色的礼服，戴着红色的花。新娘的头上还要盖一块红色的布，坐着红色的轿子来到新郎家。新娘和新郎的房间也是红色的。墙上贴着红色的“喜”字，人们会放红色的鞭炮，新郎和新娘的床单、被子也常常是红色的。客人们会把钱放在红色的信封里面，做成“红包”，送给新娘和新郎。中国人这么喜欢红色是为什么呢？今天，我们就来说一说，红和白这两种颜色，在中国文化中的意义。

在中国文化传统中，红色是太阳的颜色，象征着生命。红色在中国代表：高兴、热闹、幸运和成功。在过年的时候，中国人喜欢把祝福的话写在红色的纸上，贴在门前，叫做“春联”。在2010年上海世博会上，中国馆是大红色的，也显示出中国人对红色的喜爱。再比如，在中文里，“红人”的意思是受欢迎的人，“走红”的意思就是变得受欢迎。此外，红色还象征着革命。所以，中国的国旗也是红色的。

在中国文化传统中，人们认为白色象征着死亡和疾病。在传统的葬礼上，人们要穿上白色的衣服，把一切都打扮成白色。此外，白色还有失败、愚蠢的意思。比如，“白痴”、”白费力”等等，都是不太好的词汇。

当然，红色和白色的好与坏并没有那么绝对。随着时间的推移，它们的意义也在发生改变。比如，现在大多数中国年轻人结婚时，都选择穿白色的婚纱。所以，明白颜色在文化中的意义，可以让我们更加了解一个国家。

大家都知道，中國人特別喜歡紅色。以前，中國人結婚的時候，新娘和新郎都會穿上紅色的禮服，戴著紅色的花。新娘的頭上還要蓋一塊紅色的布，坐著紅色的轎子來到新郎家。新娘和新郎的房間也是紅色的。牆上貼著紅色的“喜”字，人們會放紅色的鞭炮，新郎和新娘的床單、被子也常常是紅色的。客人們會把錢放在紅色的信封裡面，做成“紅包”，送給新娘和新郎。中國人這麼喜歡紅色是為什麼呢？今天，我們就來說一說，紅和白這兩種顏色，在中國文化中的意義。

在中國文化傳統中，紅色是太陽的顏色，象徵著生命。紅色在中國代表：高興、熱鬧、幸運和成功。在過年的時候，中國人喜歡把祝福的話寫在紅色的紙上，貼在門前，叫做“春聯”。在2010年上海世博會上，中國館是大紅色的，也顯示出中國人對紅色的喜愛。再比如，在中文裡，“紅人”的意思是受歡迎的人，“走紅”的意思就是變得受歡迎。此外，紅色還像徵著革命。所以，中國的國旗也是紅色的。

在中國文化傳統中，人們認為白色象徵著死亡和疾病。在傳統的葬禮上，人們要穿上白色的衣服，把一切都打扮成白色。此外，白色還有失敗、愚蠢的意思。比如，“白痴”、”白費力”等等，都是不太好的詞彙。

當然，紅色和白色的好與壞並沒有那麼絕對。隨著時間的推移，它們的意義也在發生改變。比如，現在大多數中國年輕人結婚時，都選擇穿白色的婚紗。所以，明白顏色在文化中的意義，可以讓我們更加了解一個國家。

Dàjiā dōu zhīdào, zhōngguó rén tèbié xǐhuān hóngsè. Yǐqián, zhōngguó rén jiéhūn de shíhòu, xīnniáng hé xīnláng dõuhuì chuān shàng hóngsè de lǐfú, dàizhe hóngsè de huā. Xīnniáng de tóu shàng hái yào gài yīkuài hóngsè de bù, zuòzhe hóngsè de jiàozi lái dào xīnláng jiā. Xīnniáng hé xīnláng de fángjiān yěshì hóngsè de. Qiáng shàng tiēzhe hóngsè de “xǐ” zì, rénmen huì fàng hóngsè de biānpào, xīnláng hé xīnniáng de chuángdān, bèizi yě chángcháng shì hóngsè de. Kèrénmen huì bǎ qián fàng zài hóngsè de xìnfēng lǐmiàn, zuò chéng “hóngbāo”, sòng gěi xīnniáng hé xīnláng. Zhōngguó rén zhème xǐhuān hóngsè shì wèishéme ne? Jīntiān, wǒmen jiù lái shuō yī shuō, hóng hé bái zhè liǎng zhǒng yánsè, zài zhōngguó wénhuà zhōng de yìyì.

Zài zhōngguó wénhuà chuántǒng zhōng, hóngsè shì tàiyáng de yánsè, xiàngzhēngzhe shēngmìng. Hóngsè zài zhōngguó dàibiǎo: Gāoxìng, rènào, xìngyùn hé chénggōng. Zài guònián de shíhòu, zhōngguó rén xǐhuān bǎ zhùfú dehuà xiě zài hóngsè de zhǐ shàng, tiē zài mén qián, jiàozuò “chūnlián”. Zài 2010 nián shànghǎi shìbóhuì shàng, zhōngguó guǎn shì dà hóngsè de, yě xiǎnshì chū zhōngguó rén duì hóngsè de xǐ’ài. Zài bǐrú, zài zhōngwén lǐ,“hóng rén” de yìsi shì shòu huānyíng de rén,“zǒuhóng” de yìsi jiùshì biàn dé shòu huānyíng. Cǐwài, hóngsè hái xiàngzhēngzhe gémìng. Suǒyǐ, zhōngguó de guóqí yěshì hóngsè de.

Zài zhōngguó wénhuà chuántǒng zhōng, rénmen rènwéi báisè xiàngzhēngzhe sǐwáng hé jíbìng. Zài chuántǒng de zànglǐ shàng, rénmen yào chuān shàng báisè de yīfú, bǎ yīqiè dōu dǎbàn chéng báisè. Cǐwài, báisè hái yǒu shībài, yúchǔn de yìsi. Bǐrú,“báichī”,” bái fèilì” děng děng, dōu shì bù tài hǎo de cíhuì.

Dāngrán, hóngsè hé báisè de hǎo yǔ huài bìng méiyǒu nàme juéduì. Suízhe shíjiān de tuīyí, tāmen de yìyì yě zài fāshēng gǎibiàn. Bǐrú, xiànzài dà duōshù zhōngguó niánqīng rén jiéhūn shí, dōu xuǎnzé chuān báisè de hūnshā. Suǒyǐ, míngbái yánsè zài wénhuà zhōng de yìyì, kěyǐ ràng wǒmen gèngjiā liǎo jiè yīgè guójiā.

As everyone knows, Chinese particularly like the colour red. In the past, when Chinese married, the bride and groom would both dress in red formal attire and carry a red flower. The bride’s head would even be covered by a red cloth when she arrived at the groom’s house by red sedan chair. The room of the bride and groom would also be red. The character for ‘happiness’ would be written in red and stuck on the wall, red fireworks would be lit, the sheets on the newlyweds’ bed would be red and the quilts would also usually be red. The guests would put money into red envelopes, called ‘hong bao’ (red paper envelopes with gift money) to give to the bride and groom. For what reason do Chinese like red so much? Today we’ll talk about what the colours red and white mean in Chinese culture.

Within the traditional culture of China, red is the colour of the sun and symbolises life. In China red represents: happiness, liveliness, luck and success. At Chinese New Year, Chinese like to write blessings on red paper and stick them in front of their door – these are called ‘spring festival couplets’. At the World Expo in 2010 in Shanghai, the Chinese pavilion was a crimson colour thus revealing the fondness the Chinese have for the colour red. As further examples, in the language ‘hongren’ (lit. red person) is a person welcome or a favourite of someone, ‘zouhong’ (lit. ‘to walk red’) means to become well-received or well-liked. In addition, red also symbolises revolution. So the Chinese flag is also red.

In traditional Chinese culture people believe that white symbolises death and sickness. At traditional funerals people should wear white and deck everything out in white. Moreover white has the meaning of ‘to be defeated’ and ‘to be foolish’. For example among other expressions with the word ‘white’ we have ‘baichi’, (literally ‘white imbecile’ which means ‘idiot’) and ‘baifeili’ (lit. ‘to expend effort in white’ which means ‘to expend great effort for nothing’). Both of these expressions have a pejorative meaning.

Of course the use of red and white to represent good and bad is not so black and white. (1) In pace with advancement over time, their meanings have undergone change. For example, nowadays when the majority of young Chinese women marry they choose to a wear a white wedding gown.

So understanding the meaning of colour in the culture allows us to better understand the country.

1. The English is almost like poetry!

by Robert Budzul

Xem danh sách các bài khác

Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

民以食为天，中国人把吃看作是最重要的事情。在几千年的历史中，除了桌子和椅子，中国人几乎吃遍了所有长腿的东西，还发明了很多奇特的食物。即使对同一种食材，也会有很多种吃法。今天我们就说说几种中国特有的“蛋”。

我最爱吃一种小吃叫做茶叶蛋。茶叶蛋可以在路边的小摊买到，远远就可以闻到它的香味。茶叶蛋是用茶叶和酱油一起煮的。鸡蛋壳是裂开的，这样，鸡蛋的表面就留下了好看的花纹。

茶叶蛋是一种小吃，咸鸭蛋可以用来做菜。咸鸭蛋的味道，当然，是咸的。咸鸭蛋是一种腌制的食物。咸鸭蛋最好吃的不是蛋白，是它的蛋黄。咸鸭蛋的蛋黄是红色的，味道很浓，很好吃。我以前喜欢在早餐的时候，一边喝粥，一边用筷子挖咸鸭蛋吃。咸鸭蛋的蛋黄也出现在粽子或者月饼里面。

要说最奇特的蛋，就不得不说松花蛋了。松花蛋也叫皮蛋。松花蛋在英文里面的意思是“千年蛋”，因为松花蛋看上去好像放了很久很久。松花蛋的颜色确实不好看，外面像褐色的果冻，里面是深绿色的浓稠液体。松花蛋的表面有一些像松树针叶一样的花纹，这是它在制作的时候自然产生的。松花纹越多，就说明这个蛋越好。对于从来没有见过松花蛋的外国朋友，你们如果觉得恶心，我完全可以理解你们的感受。不过对于中国人来说，松花蛋可是一种美味。松花蛋可以直接吃，可以和豆腐一起拌成著名的上海菜皮蛋豆腐，也可以放在粥里面做成广东名菜皮蛋瘦肉粥。

民以食為天，中國人把吃看作是最重要的事情。在幾千年的歷史中，除了桌子和椅子，中國人幾乎吃遍了所有長腿的東西，還發明了很多奇特的食物。即使對同一種食材，也會有很多種吃法。今天我們就說說幾種中國特有的“蛋”。

我最愛吃一種小吃叫做茶葉蛋。茶葉蛋可以在路邊的小攤買到，遠遠就可以聞到它的香味。茶葉蛋是用茶葉和醬油一起煮的。雞蛋殼是裂開的，這樣，雞蛋的表面就留下了好看的花紋。

茶葉蛋是一種小吃，鹹鴨蛋可以用來做菜。鹹鴨蛋的味道，當然，是鹹的。鹹鴨蛋是一種醃製的食物。鹹鴨蛋最好吃的不是蛋白，是它的蛋黃。鹹鴨蛋的蛋黃是紅色的，味道很濃，很好吃。我以前喜歡在早餐的時候，一邊喝粥，一邊用筷子挖鹹鴨蛋吃。鹹鴨蛋的蛋黃也出現在粽子或者月餅裡面。

要說最奇特的蛋，就不得不說松花蛋了。松花蛋也叫皮蛋。松花蛋在英文裡面的意思是“千年蛋”，因為松花蛋看上去好像放了很久很久。松花蛋的顏色確實不好看，外面像褐色的果凍，裡面是深綠色的濃稠液體。松花蛋的表面有一些像松樹針葉一樣的花紋，這是它在製作的時候自然產生的。松花紋越多，就說明這個蛋越好。對於從來沒有見過松花蛋的外國朋友，你們如果覺得噁心，我完全可以理解你們的感受。不過對於中國人來說，松花蛋可是一種美味。松花蛋可以直接吃，可以和豆腐一起拌成著名的上海菜皮蛋豆腐，也可以放在粥裡面做成廣東名菜皮蛋瘦肉粥。

Mín yǐ shí wéi tiān, zhōngguó rén bǎ chī kàn zuò shì zuì zhòngyào de shìqíng. Zài jǐ qiānnián de lìshǐ zhōng, chúle zhuōzi hé yǐzi, zhōngguó rén jīhū chī biànle suǒyǒu zhǎng tuǐ de dōngxī, hái fāmíngliǎo hěnduō qítè de shíwù. Jíshǐ duì tóngyī zhǒng shícái, yě huì yǒu hěnduō zhǒng chī fǎ. Jīntiān wǒmen jiù shuō shuō jǐ zhǒng zhōngguó tèyǒu de “dàn”.

Wǒ zuì ài chī yī zhǒng xiǎochī jiàozuò cháyè dàn. Cháyè dàn kěyǐ zài lù biān de xiǎo tān mǎi dào, yuǎn yuǎn jiù kěyǐ wén dào tā de xiāngwèi. Cháyè dàn shì yòng cháyè hé jiàngyóu yīqǐ zhǔ de. Jīdàn ké shì liè kāi de, zhèyàng, jīdàn de biǎomiàn jiù liú xiàle hǎokàn de huāwén.

Cháyè dàn shì yī zhǒng xiǎochī, xián yādàn kěyǐ yòng lái zuò cài. Xián yādàn de wèidào, dāngrán, shì xián de. Xián yādàn shì yī zhǒng yān zhì de shíwù. Xián yādàn zuì hào chī de bùshì dànbái, shì tā de dànhuáng. Xián yādàn de dànhuáng shì hóngsè de, wèidào hěn nóng, hěn hào chī. Wǒ yǐqián xǐhuān zài zǎocān de shíhòu, yībiān hē zhōu, yībiān yòng kuàizi wā xián yādàn chī. Xián yādàn de dànhuáng yě chūxiàn zài zòngzi huòzhě yuèbǐng lǐmiàn.

Yào shuō zuì qítè de dàn, jiù bùdé bù shuō sōnghuā dànle. Sōnghuā dàn yě jiào pídàn. Sōnghuā dàn zài yīngwén lǐmiàn de yìsi shì “qiān nián dàn”, yīnwèi sōnghuā dàn kàn shàngqù hǎoxiàng fàngle hěnjiǔ hěnjiǔ. Sōnghuā dàn de yánsè quèshí bù hǎokàn, wàimiàn xiàng hésè de guǒdòng, lǐmiàn shì shēn lǜsè de nóng chóu yètǐ. Sōnghuā dàn de biǎomiàn yǒu yīxiē xiàng sōngshù zhēn yè yīyàng de huāwén, zhè shì tā zài zhìzuò de shíhòu zìrán chǎnshēng de. Sōnghuāwén yuè duō, jiù shuōmíng zhège dàn yuè hǎo. Duìyú cónglái méiyǒu jiànguò sōnghuā dàn de wàiguó péngyǒu, nǐmen rúguǒ juédé ěxīn, wǒ wánquán kěyǐ lǐjiě nǐmen de gǎnshòu. Bùguò duìyú zhōngguó rén lái shuō, sōnghuā dàn kěshì yī zhǒng měiwèi. Sōng huā dàn kěyǐ zhíjiē chī, kěyǐ hé dòufu yīqǐ bàn chéng zhùmíng de shànghǎi cài pídàn dòufu, yě kěyǐ fàng zài zhōu lǐmiàn zuò chéng guǎngdōng míng cài pídàn shòu ròu zhōu.

The masses regard food as their prime want. (1) The Chinese look upon eating as the most important thing of all. Over the past several thousand years, the Chinese have eaten almost everything with legs, apart from tables and chairs. They have also invented many unusual dishes. Even when presented with the same ingredients they will have many different ways of eating them. So today we’ll talk about several kinds of eggs peculiar to China.

My favourite snack is called ‘tea eggs’. You can buy ‘tea eggs’ at roadside stalls You can smell them cooking from far off. ‘Tea eggs’ are boiled with tea and soya sauce. The shells are split open and in this way pleasant decorative patterns are left behind on the surface of the egg.

‘Tea eggs’ are a kind of snack whereas ‘salted duck egg’ can be used in the preparation of other dishes. The taste of ‘salted duck egg’ is of course salty. ‘Salted duck egg’ is a type of food that has been preserved by salting. The best part of ‘salted duck egg’ is not the egg white but rather the yolk. The yolks of ‘salted duck eggs’ are red in colour and the taste is very strong and delicious. In the past, for breakfast I used to like eating congee while scooping out bits of the duck egg to eat. The yolks of ‘salted duck eggs’ also appear in zongzi (2) and in moon cakes.

As for the most peculiar egg dish, one cannot leave out preserved eggs. Preserved eggs are also called ‘pidan’. ‘Pidan’ in English translation are ‘thousand year old eggs’ because ‘pidan’ look like they’ve been put aside for a very long time. The colour of ‘pidan’ is indeed not pleasant. The outside resembles a brown jelly and the inside is a thick creamy liquid of a dark blue-green colour. The outside of ‘pidan’ have markings that resemble pine needles. These markings are produced naturally as part of the cookng process. The more markings on the egg, the better the egg. For foreigners who may never have seen ‘pidan’, I can completely understand it if you feel sick at the sight of these eggs. But for Chinese, ‘pidan’ are very much a delicacy. ‘Pidan’ can be eaten as they are, they can be mixed with tofu to make the famous Shanghainese dish ‘pidan tofu’ or they can also be added to congee to make the famous Cantonese dish ‘pidan pork congee’.

1. A set phrase.
2. Pyramid-shaped dumpling of glutinous rice wrapped in reed leaves.

by Robert Budzul

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一个中国朋友说，她最近认识了一个美国男生，他们在一起吃了好几次饭，但每次都是AA制。她觉得这个美国男生太小气了，从来不主动买单。我听了哈哈大笑，告诉她请客吃饭这件事在中西方的文化中是有差异的。

中国人一般认为请客是一件很有面子的事，而“面子”对中国人来说非常重要。有句俗语叫“打肿脸充胖子”，意思是因为要面子，就做一些超出自己能力的事。而在中国，如果一男一女一起吃饭，人们通常认为男人应该来买单。一方面是因为男人要维护自己的面子，不能显得太小气。另一方面是因为在中国的传统思想中，女人是较弱的一方，应该被男人呵护和照顾。如果这两个人是情侣，除非女人坚持要买单，其他情况都由男人买单。

虽然现在一些年轻人接受了西方的观念，吃饭时喜欢AA制，但总的来说，AA制在中国被认为是一种缺乏人情味儿的表现。中国人认为好朋友之间，不能太计较金钱。但是有时候，一起吃饭的人比较多，这顿饭的花费又比较高，很可能大家买单的时候就会平摊。另外，中国人在和朋友吃完饭后，会抢着买单。可能有的人并不是真的愿意买单，只是为了要面子，或者出于礼貌和客气，所以做出想请客的样子，有时候甚至为了谁买单产生争论。这是个很有趣的文化现象。

中国人讲究礼尚往来，意思是互相送礼才能够长久地交往下去。没有人愿意每次都买单。如果这顿饭你的朋友请客，那下次你就要主动要求买单。好了，关于请客吃饭，今天就先介绍这些。大家如果有什么问题，欢迎在网站留言讨论！

一個中國朋友說，她最近認識了一個美國男生，他們在一起吃了好幾次飯，但每次都是AA制。她覺得這個美國男生太小氣了，從來不主動買單。我聽了哈哈大笑，告訴她請客吃飯這件事在中西方的文化中是有差異的。

中國人一般認為請客是一件很有面子的事，而“面子”對中國人來說非常重要。有句俗語叫“打腫臉充胖子”，意思是因為要面子，就做一些超出自己能力的事。而在中國，如果一男一女一起吃飯，人們通常認為男人應該來買單。一方面是因為男人要維護自己的面子，不能顯得太小氣。另一方面是因為在中國的傳統思想中，女人是較弱的一方，應該被男人呵護和照顧。如果這兩個人是情侶，除非女人堅持要買單，其他情況都由男人買單。

雖然現在一些年輕人接受了西方的觀念，吃飯時喜歡AA制，但總的來說，AA制在中國被認為是一種缺乏人情味兒的表現。中國人認為好朋友之間，不能太計較金錢。但是有時候，一起吃飯的人比較多，這頓飯的花費又比較高，很可能大家買單的時候就會平攤。另外，中國人在和朋友吃完飯後，會搶著買單。可能有的人並不是真的願意買單，只是為了要面子，或者出於禮貌和客氣，所以做出想請客的樣子，有時候甚至為了誰買單產生爭論。這是個很有趣的文化現象。

中國人講究禮尚往來，意思是互相送禮才能夠長久地交往下去。沒有人願意每次都買單。如果這頓飯你的朋友請客，那下次你就要主動要求買單。好了，關於請客吃飯，今天就先介紹這些。大家如果有什麼問題，歡迎在網站留言討論！

Yīgè zhōngguó péngyǒu shuō, tā zuìjìn rènshìle yīgè měiguó nánshēng, tāmen zài yīqǐ chīle hǎojǐ cì fàn, dàn měi cì dōu shì AA zhì. Tā juédé zhège měiguó nánshēng tài xiǎoqìle, cónglái bu zhǔdòng mǎidān. Wǒ tīngle hāhā dà xiào, gàosù tā qǐngkè chīfàn zhè jiàn shì zài zhōng xīfāng de wénhuà zhōng shì yǒu chāyì de.

Zhōngguó rén yībān rènwéi qǐngkè shì yī jiàn hěn yǒu miànzi de shì, ér “miànzi” duì zhōngguó rén lái shuō fēicháng zhòngyào. Yǒu jù súyǔ jiào “dǎ zhǒng liǎn chōng pàngzi”, yìsi shì yīnwèi yàomiànzi, jiù zuò yīxiē chāochū zìjǐ nénglì de shì. Ér zài zhōngguó, rúguǒ yīnán yī nǚ yīqǐ chīfàn, rénmen tōngcháng rènwéi nánrén yīnggāi lái mǎidān. Yīfāngmiàn shì yīnwèi nánrén yào wéihù zìjǐ de miànzi, bùnéng xiǎndé tài xiǎoqì. Lìng yī fāngmiàn shì yīnwèi zài zhōngguó de chuántǒng sīxiǎng zhōng, nǚrén shì jiào ruò de yī fāng, yīnggāi bèi nánrén hēhù hé zhàogù. Rúguǒ zhè liǎng gèrén shì qínglǚ, chúfēi nǚrén jiānchí yāo mǎidān, qítā qíngkuàng dōu yóu nánrén mǎidān.

Suīrán xiànzài yīxiē niánqīng rén jiēshòule xīfāng de guānniàn, chīfàn shí xǐhuān AA zhì, dàn zǒng de lái shuō,AA zhì zài zhōngguó bèi rènwéi shì yī zhǒng quēfá rénqíngwèi er de biǎoxiàn. Zhōngguó rén rènwéi hǎo péngyǒu zhī jiān, bùnéng tài jìjiào jīnqián. Dànshì yǒu shíhòu, yīqǐ chīfàn de rén bǐjiào duō, zhè dùn fàn de huāfèi yòu bǐjiào gāo, hěn kěnéng dàjiā mǎidān de shíhòu jiù huì píng tān. Lìngwài, zhōngguó rén zài hé péngyǒu chī wán fàn hòu, huì qiǎngzhe mǎidān. Kěnéng yǒu de rén bìng bùshì zhēn de yuànyì mǎidān, zhǐshì wèile yàomiànzi, huòzhě chū yú lǐmào hé kèqì, suǒyǐ zuò chū xiǎng qǐngkè de yàngzi, yǒu shíhòu shènzhì wèile shéi mǎidān chǎnshēng zhēnglùn. Zhè shìgè hěn yǒuqù de wénhuà xiànxiàng.

Zhōngguó rén jiǎngjiù lǐshàngwǎnglái, yìsi shì hùxiāng sònglǐ cái nénggòu chángjiǔ de jiāowǎng xiàqù. Méiyǒu rén yuànyì měi cì dōu mǎidān. Rúguǒ zhè dùn fàn nǐ de péngyǒu qǐngkè, nà xià cì nǐ jiù yào zhǔdòng yāoqiú mǎidān. Hǎole, guānyú qǐngkè chīfàn, jīntiān jiù xiān jièshào zhèxiē. Dàjiā rúguǒ yǒu shenme wèntí, huānyíng zài wǎngzhàn liúyán tǎolùn!

A Chinese friend said she recently met an American man and they have eaten together quite a few times, but they split the bill every time. She thinks this American man is too stingy, never taking the initiative to pay the bill. I roared with laughter when I heard this, and told her that treating a guest to dinner in Chinese and Western cultures are different matters.

Chinese people generally believe that treating a guest to dinner is a face-gaining/saving event, and to Chinese people ‘face’ is very important. There’s a commonly used sentence saying “打肿脸充胖子‘’ (dǎzhǒng liǎn chōng pàngzi, lit. ‘beat one’s face until swollen and pretend to be fat’), meaning ‘to do things that exceed one’s capabilities on account of face’. And in China, if a guy and a girl eat together, people generally believe that the man should pay. In one regard it’s because men must maintain their reputation, and can’t appear too stingy. Another aspect is because in traditional Chinese thinking, women are the weaker party and should be cherished, protected, and taken care of by men. If these two people are sweethearts, unless the girl insists on paying the bill, in all other situations it is up to the man to pay the bill.

Although nowadays some young people have accepted western ideas and when eating out like to split the bill, on the whole splitting the bill is believed to be an indicator of a lack of feeling in China. The Chinese believe that amongst good friends, you can’t discuss money too much. But sometimes when there are quite a lot of people eating together, and the cost of the meal is quite high, it is very likely that the bill will be shared equally. Besides, after a Chinese person has finished eating with their friend, they will scramble to pay the bill. It may be that some people don’t really wish to pay the bill, it’s only for the sake of saving face, or stemming from manners and politeness, so they act like they want to pay, sometimes even to the point of creating an argument over who will pay. This is a very interesting cultural phenomenon.

Chinese are particular about ‘礼尚往来’ (lǐshàngwǎnglái), which means only if presents are mutually given will contacts be able to last for a long time. Nobody wishes to pay the bill every time. If your friend pays for your meal this time, then next time you should take the initiative to pay. Ok, with regard to treating people to dinner, today we’ll just introduce these few first. If anyone has any problems, feel welcome to leave a message and discuss online.

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Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

火锅是中国人很喜欢的一种品尝食物的方式。人们把一个金属锅放在桌子的中央，里面盛着汤，把新鲜的食物摆在锅的周围。大家围坐在桌子周围，一边把食物放在锅里煮，一边吃煮好的食物。这就叫吃火锅。

用来煮食物的汤叫做“锅底”。如果你想吃火锅，可以去超市买现成的锅底，也可以自己用食物调制出美味的锅底。有了锅底，就可以把各种食物放进去煮了。肉、蔬菜、海鲜、豆腐、菌菇、面食，等等，都可以用来做火锅的食材。此外，吃火锅还要有蘸料，食物在汤里煮熟后，要在蘸料里蘸一下，吃起来就会更有味道。

火锅在中国有几千年的历史。在中国的不同地方，流行不同味道的火锅。比如，重庆的麻辣火锅是非常有名的一种火锅，它的特点，就是在锅底中加了很多辣椒和花椒，吃起来非常地辣。北京人喜欢吃涮羊肉火锅，也就是把羊肉切成薄片，放在火锅里煮。广东人的海鲜火锅，吃的主要是海鲜类的食材。在东北还有一种酸菜火锅，是用酸菜做锅底的火锅。

火锅的类型也有很多种，比如，有老北京的铜锅、广州的小汤锅、四川和重庆人的大铁锅，还有九宫格形式的全辣型火锅，等等。现在，有越来越多的人喜欢吃火锅，在聚会时为了满足更多人的口味，就有了一半辣一半不辣的鸳鸯火锅。

中国人喜欢在冬天吃火锅，因为冬天天气冷，热气腾腾的火锅，能让我们的身体变得暖和起来。一起吃火锅的人，一般都是家人，或者非常要好的朋友。和家人、朋友围坐成一圈，大家一起吃一锅菜，体现了彼此间深厚的感情。吃火锅的时候，气氛往往是非常热闹的。圆圆的火锅，也象征着团团圆圆。

火鍋是中國人很喜歡的一種品嚐食物的方式。人們把一個金屬鍋放在桌子的中央，裡面盛著湯，把新鮮的食物擺在鍋的周圍。大家圍坐在桌子周圍，一邊把食物放在鍋裡煮，一邊吃煮好的食物。這就叫吃火鍋。

用來煮食物的湯叫做“鍋底”。如果你想吃火鍋，可以去超市買現成的鍋底，也可以自己用食物調製出美味的鍋底。有了鍋底，就可以把各種食物放進去煮了。肉、蔬菜、海鮮、豆腐、菌菇、麵食，等等，都可以用來做火鍋的食材。此外，吃火鍋還要有蘸料，食物在湯裡煮熟後，要在蘸料裡蘸一下，吃起來就會更有味道。

火鍋在中國有幾千年的歷史。在中國的不同地方，流行不同味道的火鍋。比如，重慶的麻辣火鍋是非常有名的一種火鍋，它的特點，就是在鍋底中加了很多辣椒和花椒，吃起來非常地辣。北京人喜歡吃涮羊肉火鍋，也就是把羊肉切成薄片，放在火鍋裡煮。廣東人的海鮮火鍋，吃的主要是海鮮類的食材。在東北還有一種酸菜火鍋，是用酸菜做鍋底的火鍋。

火鍋的類型也有很多種，比如，有老北京的銅鍋、廣州的小湯鍋、四川和重慶人的大鐵鍋，還有九宮格形式的全辣型火鍋，等等。現在，有越來越多的人喜歡吃火鍋，在聚會時為了滿足更多人的口味，就有了一半辣一半不辣的鴛鴦火鍋。

中國人喜歡在冬天吃火鍋，因為冬天天氣冷，熱氣騰騰的火鍋，能讓我們的身體變得暖和起來。一起吃火鍋的人，一般都是家人，或者非常要好的朋友。和家人、朋友圍坐成一圈，大家一起吃一鍋菜，體現了彼此間深厚的感情。吃火鍋的時候，氣氛往往是非常熱鬧的。圓圓的火鍋，也像徵著團團圓圓。

Huǒguō shì zhōngguó rén hěn xǐhuān de yī zhǒng pǐncháng shíwù de fāngshì. Rénmen bǎ yīgè jīnshǔ guō fàng zài zhuōzi de zhōngyāng, lǐmiàn shèngzhe tāng, bǎ xīnxiān de shíwù bǎi zài guō de zhōuwéi. Dàjiā wéi zuò zài zhuō zǐ zhōuwéi, yībiān bǎ shíwù fàng zài guō lǐ zhǔ, yībiān chī zhǔ hǎo de shíwù. Zhè jiù jiào chī huǒguō.

Yòng lái zhǔ shíwù de tāng jiàozuò “guō dǐ”. Rúguǒ nǐ xiǎng chī huǒguō, kěyǐ qù chāoshì mǎi xiànchéng de guō dǐ, yě kěyǐ zìjǐ yòng shíwù tiáozhì chū měiwèi de guō dǐ. Yǒule guō dǐ, jiù kěyǐ bǎ gè zhǒng shíwù fàng jìnqù zhǔle. Ròu, shūcài, hǎixiān, dòufu, jūn gū, miànshí, děng děng, dōu kěyǐ yòng lái zuò huǒguō de shícái. Cǐwài, chī huǒguō hái yào yǒu zhàn liào, shíwù zài tāng lǐ zhǔ shú hòu, yào zài zhàn liào lǐ zhàn yīxià, chī qǐlái jiù huì gèng yǒu wèidào.

Huǒguō zài zhōngguó yǒu jǐ qiān nián de lìshǐ. Zài zhōngguó de bùtóng dìfāng, liúxíng bùtóng wèidào de huǒguō. Bǐrú, chóngqìng de málà huǒguō shì fēicháng yǒumíng de yī zhǒng huǒguō, tā de tèdiǎn, jiùshì zài guō dǐ zhōng jiāle hěnduō làjiāo hé huājiāo, chī qǐlái fēicháng de là. Běijīng rén xǐhuān chī shuài yángròu huǒguō, yě jiùshì bǎ yángròu qiè chéng bópiàn, fàng zài huǒguō lǐ zhǔ. Guǎngdōng rén de hǎixiān huǒguō, chī de zhǔyào shi hǎixiān lèi de shícái. Zài dōngběi hái yǒuyī zhǒng suāncài huǒguō, shì yòng suāncài zuò guō dǐ de huǒguō.

Huǒguō de lèixíng yěyǒu hěnduō zhǒng, bǐrú, yǒu lǎo běijīng de tóng guō, guǎngzhōu de xiǎo tāngguō, sìchuān hé chóngqìng rén de dà tiě guō, hái yǒu jiǔgōnggé xíngshì de quán là xíng huǒguō, děng děng. Xiànzài, yǒu yuè lái yuè duō de rén xǐhuān chī huǒguō, zài jùhuì shí wèile mǎnzú gèng duō rén de kǒuwèi, jiù yǒule yībàn là yībàn bù là de yuānyāng huǒguō.

Zhōngguó rén xǐhuān zài dōngtiān chī huǒguō, yīnwèi dōngtiān tiānqì lěng, rèqì téngténg de huǒguō, néng ràng wǒmen de shēntǐ biàn dé nuǎnhuo qǐlái. Yīqǐ chī huǒguō de rén, yībān dōu shì jiārén, huòzhě fēicháng yàohǎo de péngyǒu. Hé jiārén, péngyǒu wéi zuò chéngyī quān, dàjiā yì qǐ chī yī guō cài, tǐxiànle bǐcǐ jiān shēnhòu de gǎnqíng. Chī huǒguō de shíhòu, qìfēn wǎngwǎng shì fēicháng rènào de. Yuán yuán de huǒguō, yě xiàngzhēngzhe tuántuán yuán yuán.

Hot pot is one of the favourite ways that Chinese like to savour food. One takes a metal pot and places it in the middle of the table, fills it with soup and then places fresh food around it. Everyone sits around the table putting food into the pot to cook while eating the food that’s already been cooked. This is what ‘eating hotpot’ is.

The soup used for cooking the food is called ‘guodi’ (soup base). If you want to eat hot pot you can go to the supermarket and buy a ready made soup base or you could also make a delicious soup base from fresh ingredients. (1) Once you have your base you can put in all sorts of food to cook. Meat, vegetables, seafood, tofu, mushrooms and fungi, noodles (8) (11) can all be used as ingredients in a hot pot. In addition, when eating hot pot you also need dipping sauces; once the food has been cooked in the soup you should dip it in a sauce for even more flavour.

Hot pot goes back several thousand years in China. (2) Different flavoured hot pots are popular in different parts of China. For example the numbing hot pot of Chongqing is a type of hot pot that is particularly famous. Its characteristic is that to the soup base are added many chillies and Szechuan peppers so it tastes (5) particularly spicy-hot. (3) In Beijing they like to eat Mongolian hot pot, i.e.mutton sliced thinly and added to the pot to cook. In the seafood hot pot of the Cantonese, the food (4) consists mainly of seafood ingredients. (9) In the northeast there is a type of pickled cabbage hot pot; it uses pickled cabbage to make the soup base.

As for the hot pot pots, there are also many kinds. For example the copper pots of oldtime (6) Beijing, the small soup pots of Guangzhou, the large steel pots of Sichuan and Chongqing and also the pots resembling squared paper for calligraphy practice used in all spicy hot pot (13). Nowadays more and more people like to eat hot pot. At parties, in order to satisfy the taste of even more people, split hotpots (10) have appeared (12) – half spicy hot half not spicy.

Chinese like to eat hot pot in winter because in winter the weather is cold and the steaming-hot hot pot can warm up our bodies. People eating hot pot together are generally family members or particularly close friends. To sit around in a circle with family or friends all eating a pot (7) of food together embodies the deep feeling that everyone has for each other. When eating hot pot the atmosphere is often extremely lively. The round hotpot also symbolises reunion.

1. The Chinese just has ‘food, foodstuffs’ but fresh ingredients is all that makes sense in English.

2. Using the word ‘history’ also reads ok but I suspect that my translation is pretty spot on.

3. (Translator’s note: it’s not as hot as many Chinese seem to think.)

4. Note this not so obvious word for ‘food’ – 吃的.

5. The dictionary is rather misleading here. This construction is similar to 看起来 and 听起来.

6. A tricky use of 老. Most often used with 北京 and 上海. 老北京 and 老上海 are almost set phrases.

7. 锅 used as a measure word.

8. Chinese seems to love to add etc. to the end of such a list. I think it’s a mistake to always include it in the translation.

9. The dictionary gives ‘food’, ‘edibles’.

10. The pot has a divider down the middle so one pot can contain two separate soup bases.

11. My dictionary bizarrely gives this as ‘cooked wheaten food’. This actually refers to noodles, dumplings and the like made from wheat flour.

12. Note this extra use of 有 indicating something appearing or occurring.

13. Yes, rather cumbersome. Luckily you can read Chinese. These pots likened to calligraphy practice paper are divided into nine sections. The reference to all spicy means that all nine sections contain a different sauce but all are spicy-hot.

by Robert Budzul

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孔子说：“良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。”也就是说：药虽然不好喝，但是可以带来健康；有些话虽然不好听，但是可以帮助我们变得更好。既然孔子都这么说了，那我们就放下面子，一起找找良药。今天我就说说中国的交通问题。

中国人有一个很不好的毛病，就是过马路的时候不看红绿灯。特别是在一些小城市里，人们很容易忽略红绿灯。即使红灯亮着，也有人会直接穿过马路。这样的行为就叫做“闯红灯”。闯红灯，当然很危险。所以，你要对自己负责，不要学习错误的行为。

在中国，汽车是不会让人的。汽车经过斑马线的时候一般不减速，直接开过去。所以在中国，斑马线几乎是没有意义的。如果你走在斑马线上，挡住了汽车的路，司机会按喇叭，让你走开。这明显是很不礼貌的。这个时候，你只能退后，然后看一看左右，确定没有汽车了，才可以走过去。有一次我回国开车，前方斑马线上有老人在走路，我试着在斑马线前停下来。可是后面的司机简直要疯了，不停地按喇叭，也有人从两边超车过去。于是，老人也走不了，我也动不了，造成了堵车。我好心做了坏事。让人哭笑不得。

中国人开车，还会常常按喇叭，导致城市里面很吵闹。晚上开车的时候，很多人会开着远光灯，让对面的司机眼睛很难受。但是中国人习惯了这些问题，即使是在驾驶学校里面，教练也常常做一些错误的示范。因为这些问题，中国的交通比较混乱。难怪写了中国三部曲的何伟（Peter Hessler）一定要考中国驾照，然后自己开车，因为他担心，坐中国人开的车会比较危险。

对于这些问题，你怎么看？如果你遇到了这些问题，会怎么做呢？你会对中国朋友说什么？

孔子說：“良藥苦口利於病，忠言逆耳利於行。”也就是說：藥雖然不好喝，但是可以帶來健康；有些話雖然不好聽，但是可以幫助我們變得更好。既然孔子都這麼說了，那我們就放下面子，一起找找良藥。今天我就說說中國的交通問題。

中國人有一個很不好的毛病，就是過馬路的時候不看紅綠燈。特別是在一些小城市裡，人們很容易忽略紅綠燈。即使紅燈亮著，也有人會直接穿過馬路。這樣的行為就叫做“闖紅燈”。闖紅燈，當然很危險。所以，你要對自己負責，不要學習錯誤的行為。

在中國，汽車是不會讓人的。汽車經過斑馬線的時候一般不減速，直接開過去。所以在中國，斑馬線幾乎是沒有意義的。如果你走在斑馬線上，擋住了汽車的路，司機會按喇叭，讓你走開。這明顯是很不禮貌的。這個時候，你只能退後，然後看一看左右，確定沒有汽車了，才可以走過去。有一次我回國開車，前方斑馬線上有老人在走路，我試著在斑馬線前停下來。可是後面的司機簡直要瘋了，不停地按喇叭，也有人從兩邊超車過去。於是，老人也走不了，我也動不了，造成了堵車。我好心做了壞事。讓人哭笑不得。

中國人開車，還會常常按喇叭，導致城市裡面很吵鬧。晚上開車的時候，很多人會開著遠光燈，讓對面的司機眼睛很難受。但是中國人習慣了這些問題，即使是在駕駛學校裡面，教練也常常做一些錯誤的示範。因為這些問題，中國的交通比較混亂。難怪寫了中國三部曲的何偉（Peter Hessler）一定要考中國駕照，然後自己開車，因為他擔心，坐中國人開的車會比較危險。

對於這些問題，你怎麼看？如果你遇到了這些問題，會怎麼做呢？你會對中國朋友說什麼？

Kǒngzǐ shuō:“Liángyào kǔkǒu lìyú bìng, zhōngyánnì’ěr lìyú xíng.” Yě jiùshì shuō: Yào suīrán bù hǎo hē, dànshì kěyǐ dài lái jiànkāng; yǒuxiē huà suīrán bù hǎotīng, dànshì kěyǐ bāngzhù wǒmen biàn dé gèng hǎo. Jìrán kǒngzǐ dōu zhème shuōle, nà wǒmen jiù fàngxià miànzi, yīqǐ zhǎo zhǎo liángyào. Jīntiān wǒ jiù shuō shuō zhōngguó de jiāotōng wèntí.

Zhōngguó rén yǒu yīgè hěn bù hǎo de máobìng, jiùshìguò mǎlù de shíhòu bù kàn hónglǜdēng. Tèbié shì zài yīxiē xiǎo chéngshì lǐ, rénmen hěn róngyì hūlüè hónglǜdēng. Jíshǐ hóng dēng liàngzhe, yěyǒu rén huì zhíjiē chuānguò mǎlù. Zhèyàng de xíngwéi jiù jiàozuò “chuǎnghóngdēng”. Chuǎnghóngdēng, dāngrán hěn wéixiǎn. Suǒyǐ, nǐ yào duì zìjǐ fùzé, bùyào xuéxí cuòwù de xíngwéi.

Zài zhōngguó, qìchē shì bù huì ràng rén de. Qìchē jīngguò bānmǎxiàn de shíhòu yībān bù jiǎnsù, zhíjiē kāi guòqù. Suǒyǐ zài zhōngguó, bānmǎxiàn jīhū shì méiyǒu yìyì de. Rúguǒ nǐ zǒu zài bānmǎxiàn shàng, dǎngzhùle qìchē de lù, sījī huì àn lǎbā, ràng nǐ zǒu kāi. Zhè míngxiǎn shì hěn bù lǐmào de. Zhège shíhòu, nǐ zhǐ néng tuì hòu, ránhòu kàn yī kàn zuǒyòu, quèdìng méiyǒu qìchēle, cái kěyǐ zǒu guòqù. Yǒu yīcì wǒ huíguó kāichē, qiánfāng bānmǎxiàn shàng yǒu lǎorén zài zǒulù, wǒ shìzhe zài bānmǎxiàn qián tíng xiàlái. Kěshì hòumiàn de sījī jiǎnzhí yào fēngle, bù tíng de àn lǎbā, yěyǒu rén cóng liǎngbiān chāochē guòqù. Yúshì, lǎorén yě zǒu bùliǎo, wǒ yě dòng bùliǎo, zàochéngle dǔchē. Wǒ hǎoxīn zuòle huàishì. Ràng rén kūxiàobùdé.

Zhōngguó rén kāichē, hái huì chángcháng àn lǎbā, dǎozhì chéngshì lǐmiàn hěn chǎonào. Wǎnshàng kāichē de shíhòu, hěnduō rén huì kāizhe yuǎn guāng dēng, ràng duìmiàn de sījī yǎnjīng hěn nánshòu. Dànshì zhōngguó rén xíguànle zhèxiē wèntí, jíshǐ shì zài jiàshǐ xuéxiào lǐmiàn, jiàoliàn yě chángcháng zuò yīxiē cuòwù de shìfàn. Yīnwèi zhèxiē wèntí, zhōngguó de jiāotōng bǐjiào hǔnluàn. Nánguài xiěle zhōngguó sān bù qǔ de hé wěi (Peter Hessler) yīdìng yào kǎo zhōngguó jiàzhào, ránhòu zìjǐ kāichē, yīnwèi tā dānxīn, zuò zhōngguó rén kāi de chē huì bǐjiào wéixiǎn.

Duìyú zhèxiē wèntí, nǐ zěnme kàn? Rúguǒ nǐ yù dàole zhèxiē wèntí, huì zěnme zuò ne? Nǐ huì duì zhōngguó péngyǒu shuō shénme?

Confucius said: “Good medicine tastes bitter but is good for sickness, good advice is harsh on the ears but good for one’s well being.” What he’s saying is: although medicine doesn’t taste good, it can bring about healthiness; although some words don’t sound good, they can help us become better. Since Confucius said it like this, then let’s set aside our feelings, and look for some good medicine together. Today I am going to discuss China’s traffic problem.

People have one very bad fault, which is not paying attention to traffic lights when crossing the road. This is especially true in some smaller cities, where people are very likely to ignore the traffic lights. Even though the light is red, there are still people who will cross the road without waiting. This kind of behavior is called “running a red light.” Of course, running a red light is very dangerous. And so, you should take responsibility for yourself and avoid learning wrong behaviour.

In China, cars don’t ever give way to people. When cars drive through zebra-crossings they don’t usually slow down, but just drive straight through. So in China, zebra-crossings have almost no meaning. If you are walking across a zebra-crossing and have blocked a car’s path, the driver is likely to blow the horn to make you get out of the way. This is obviously very impolite. At these times all you can do is back up, then look both ways to make sure there are no cars. And only then can you walk across. One time when I came back from abroad and was driving my car, an elderly person was walking on the zebra-crossing in front of me. I tried stopping at the zebra-crossing, but the the driver behind me simply went crazy and endlessly blew his horn. There were also people passing me on both sides. And so, the elderly person still couldn’t go, and I couldn’t move, and brought about a traffic jam. With my good intentions I had made things worse. (This situation) makes one not know whether to laugh or cry.

When driving, Chinese will also often blow their horn, causing the inner-cities to be very noisy. When diving at night, many people will have their lights on high-beam, making it difficult for the eyes of the driver in front to bear. But Chinese people are used to these problems, and even at driving school, the instructor will often show them the wrong way to do some things. Because of these problems, Chinese traffic is rather chaotic. It’s no wonder that the writer of a trilogy of books on China, Héwěi (Peter Hessler) decided he must take the Chinese driver’s license test then drive himself, because he was worried that being a passenger in a car driven by a Chinese person might be even more dangerous.

What is your opinion in regard to these problems? If you encountered these problems, what would you do? What would you say to a Chinese friend?

by Zak Gray

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Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

再过两天就是春节啦！对中国人来说，春节是最重要的节日，在每年的农历一月一号，因此也被称为“大年初一”。春节的前一天晚上，也就是农历十二月最后一天的晚上，我们称为”除夕”。按照传统，中国家庭会在除夕举行家庭聚会，吃团圆饭，看春晚，快到12点的时候放鞭炮，一起倒数，迎接新年。

春晚，一般指的是中央电视台的春节联欢晚会。中央电视台简称“央视”，是中国的国家电视台，也是中国最大的电视台。从1983年开始，中央电视台就在每年除夕播出春节联欢晚会。晚会的节目形式包括歌舞、小品、魔术、杂技等等。每年都会有当红的明星参加表演。春晚从晚上8点一直持续到夜里12点半左右。在快到12点的时候，主持人还会和观众一起倒数时间，进入新的一年。所以，对于中国人来说，过了除夕的12点，新的一年才正式开始。

现在，看春晚已经成为了中国人过年的传统之一，有关春晚的话题也会迅速引起人们的关注。尤其对于生活在国外的华人来说，和家人朋友一起看春晚是过年的一部分，也是了解当前中国社会的重要渠道。每年春晚的节目都会产生一些流行词汇，人们也会在各种社交媒体上热烈讨论春晚的节目。所以，春晚不仅是春节的重要组成部分，也对中国的现代文化产生了或多或少的影响。

近年来，随着互联网技术的快速发展，人们通过网络可以看到越来越多国内外优秀的节目，所以对春晚的要求也越来越高。很多人开始抱怨春晚的节目不够精彩，形式不够创新，给春晚的制作人员带来了很大压力。我认为，过年最重要的是和家人在一起。为了带给全国观众一场文化大餐，上万人牺牲了和家人团聚的机会坚持工作，观众们就不要那么挑剔啦！

关于春晚，如果你想了解更多，可以去关注YouTube、Google+、Twitter、Instagram上面的《中国春晚》系列节目。当然，我们更希望你能在北京时间2月18日，也就是除夕晚上8点观看2015年春晚，和我们分享你最喜欢的节目。

为了帮助大家更好地学习中文，从第125期节目开始，每篇文章后都有一个内容丰富的学习包，里面包括带有拼音的文章，重点词汇的解释和例句，还有和文章配套的练习题，欢迎大家登陆慢速中文网站查看。最后，慢速中文全体人员祝大家春节快乐！

再過兩天就是春節啦！對中國人來說，春節是最重要的節日，在每年的農曆一月一號，因此也被稱為“大年初一”。春節的前一天晚上，也就是農曆十二月最後一天的晚上，我們稱為”除夕”。按照傳統，中國家庭會在除夕舉行家庭聚會，吃團圓飯，看春晚，快到12點的時候放鞭炮，一起倒數，迎接新年。

春晚，一般指的是中央電視台的春節聯歡晚會。中央電視台簡稱“央視”，是中國的國家電視台，也是中國最大的電視台。從1983年開始，中央電視台就在每年除夕播出春節聯歡晚會。晚會的節目形式包括歌舞、小品、魔術、雜技等等。每年都會有當紅的明星參加表演。春晚從晚上8點一直持續到夜裡12點半左右。在快到12點的時候，主持人還會和觀眾一起倒數時間，進入新的一年。所以，對於中國人來說，過了除夕的12點，新的一年才正式開始。

現在，看春晚已經成為了中國人過年的傳統之一，有關春晚的話題也會迅速引起人們的關注。尤其對於生活在國外的華人來說，和家人朋友一起看春晚是過年的一部分，也是了解當前中國社會的重要渠道。每年春晚的節目都會產生一些流行詞彙，人們也會在各種社交媒體上熱烈討論春晚的節目。所以，春晚不僅是春節的重要組成部分，也對中國的現代文化產生了或多或少的影響。

近年來，隨著互聯網技術的快速發展，人們通過網絡可以看到越來越多國內外優秀的節目，所以對春晚的要求也越來越高。很多人開始抱怨春晚的節目不夠精彩，形式不夠創新，給春晚的製作人員帶來了很大壓力。我認為，過年最重要的是和家人在一起。為了帶給全國觀眾一場文化大餐，上萬人犧牲了和家人團聚的機會堅持工作，觀眾們就不要那麼挑剔啦！

關於春晚，如果你想了解更多，可以去關注YouTube、Google+、Twitter、Instagram上面的《中國春晚》系列節目。當然，我們更希望你能在北京時間2月18日，也就是除夕晚上8點觀看2015年春晚，和我們分享你最喜歡的節目。

為了幫助大家更好地學習中文，從第125期節目開始，每篇文章後都有一個內容豐富的學習包，裡麵包括帶有拼音的文章，重點詞彙的解釋和例句，還有和文章配套的練習題，歡迎大家登陸慢速中文網站查看。最後，慢速中文全體人員祝大家春節快樂！

Zàiguò liǎng tiān jiùshì chūnjié la! Duì zhōngguó rén lái shuō, chūnjié shì zuì zhòngyào de jiérì, zài měinián de nónglì yī yuè yī hào, yīncǐ yě bèi chēng wèi “dà nián chū yī”. Chūnjié de qián yītiān wǎnshàng, yě jiùshì nónglì shí’èr yuè zuìhòu yītiān de wǎnshàng, wǒmen chēng wèi” chúxì”. Ànzhào chuántǒng, zhōngguójiātíng huì zài chúxì jǔ háng jiātíng jùhuì, chī tuányuán fàn, kàn chūnwǎn, kuài dào 12 diǎn de shíhòu fàng biānpào, yīqǐ dàoshǔ, yíngjiē xīnnián.

Chūnwǎn, yībān zhǐ de shì zhōngyāng diànshìtái de chūnjié liánhuān wǎnhuì. Zhōngyāng diànshìtái jiǎnchēng “yāngshì”, shì zhōngguó de guó jiā diànshìtái, yěshì zhōngguó zuìdà de diànshìtái. Cóng 1983 nián kāishǐ, zhōngyāng diànshìtái jiù zài měinián chúxì bō chū chūnjié liánhuān wǎnhuì. Wǎnhuì de jiémù xíngshì bāokuò gēwǔ, xiǎopǐn, móshù, zájì děng děng. Měinián  dõuhuì yǒu dānghóng de míngxīng cānjiā biǎoyǎn. Chūnwǎn cóng wǎnshàng 8 diǎn yīzhí chíxù dào yèlǐ 12 diǎn bàn zuǒyòu. Zài kuài dào 12 diǎn de shíhòu, zhǔchí rén hái huì hé guānzhòng yīqǐ dàoshǔ shíjiān, jìnrù xīn de yī nián. Suǒyǐ, duìyú zhōngguó rén lái shuō,guòle chúxì de 12 diǎn, xīn de yī nián cái zhèngshì kāishǐ.

Xiànzài, kàn chūnwǎn yǐjīng chéngwéile zhōngguó rén guònián de chuántǒng zhī yī, yǒuguān chūnwǎn de huàtí yě huì xùnsù yǐnqǐ rénmen de guānzhù. Yóuqí duìyú shēnghuó zài guówài de huárén lái shuō, hé jiārén péngyǒu yīqǐ kàn chūnwǎn shì guònián de yībùfèn, yěshì liǎojiě dāngqián zhōngguó shèhuì de zhòngyào qúdào. Měinián chūnwǎn de jiémù dõuhuì chǎnshēng yīxiē liúxíng cíhuì, rénmen yě huì zài gè zhǒng shèjiāo méitǐ shàng rèliè tǎolùn chūnwǎn de jiémù. Suǒyǐ, chūnwǎn bùjǐn shì chūnjié de zhòngyào zǔchéng bùfèn, yě duì zhōngguó de xiàndài wénhuà chǎnshēngle huò duō huò shǎo de yǐngxiǎng.

Jìnnián lái, suízhe hùliánwǎng jìshù de kuàisù fāzhǎn, rénmen tōngguò wǎngluò kěyǐ kàn dào yuè lái yuè duō guónèi wài yōuxiù de jiémù, suǒyǐ duì chūnwǎn de yāoqiú yě yuè lái yuè gāo. Hěnduō rén kāishǐ bàoyuàn chūnwǎn de jiémù bùgòu jīngcǎi, xíngshì bùgòu chuàngxīn, gěi chūnwǎn de zhìzuò rényuán dài láile hěn dà yālì. Wǒ rènwéi, guònián zuì zhòngyào de shì hé jiārén zài yīqǐ. Wèile dài gěi quánguó guānzhòng yī chǎng wénhuà dà cān, shàng wàn rén xīshēngle hé jiārén tuánjù de jīhuì jiānchí gōngzuò, guānzhòngmen jiù bùyào nàme tiāotì la!

Guānyú chūnwǎn, rúguǒ nǐ xiǎng liǎojiě gèng duō, kěyǐ qù guānzhù YouTube,Google+,Twitter,Instagram shàngmiàn de “zhōngguó chūnwǎn” xìliè jiémù. Dāngrán, wǒmen gèng xīwàng nǐ néng zài běijīng shíjiān 2 yuè 18 rì, yě jiùshì chúxì wǎnshàng 8 diǎn guānkàn 2015 nián chūnwǎn, hé wǒmen fēnxiǎng nǐ zuì xǐhuān de jiémù.

Wèile bāngzhù dàjiā gèng hǎo dì xuéxí zhōngwén, cóng dì 125 qī jiémù kāishǐ, měi piān wénzhāng hòu dōu yǒu yīgè nèiróng fēngfù de xuéxí bāo, lǐmiàn bāokuò dài yǒu pīnyīn de wénzhāng, zhòngdiǎn cíhuì de jiěshì hé lìjù, hái yǒu hé wénzhāng pèitào de liànxí tí, huānyíng dàjiā dēnglù màn sù zhōngwén wǎngzhàn chákàn. Zuìhòu, màn sù zhōngwén quántǐ rényuán zhù dàjiā chūnjié kuàilè!

A few more days and it will be Spring Festival (1). For Chinese, Spring Festival is the most important holiday, occurring each year on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar and because of this it is also called ‘danian chuyi’ (first day of a lunar year). The eve of the Spring Festival (2) is therefore also the evening of the last day of the twelfth month and we call this ‘chuxi’ (Lunar New Year’s Eve). According to tradition Chinese families organise a family get together on ‘chuxi’ and have a reunion dinner, watch ‘chunwan’ (spring evening) and when it’s nearly twelve o’clock they set off firecrackers and count down welcoming in the new year.

‘Chunwan’, basically refers to the CCTV New Year’s Gala. (3) CCTV is China’s national television channel and it is also China’s largest television channel. Beginning in 1983, CCTV has telecast the New Year’s Gala each year on CNY eve. The program includes song and dance, sketches, magic, acrobatics and the like. Every year currently popular movie stars take part and perform. The Gala starts at eight p.m. and goes through till about twelve midnight. When it’s just about twelve the comperes will countdown with the public to enter into the new year. So as far as Chinese are concerned the new year hasn’t officially begun until twelve o’clock on New Year’s Eve has passed.

Now, to watch the New Year’s Gala has become a tradition for Chinese on CNY eve and the new year’s gala as a topic of conversation will quickly attract people’s attention. Especially for Chinese living outside of China, watching the Gala with friends and relatives is a part of bringing in the New Year and is also an important means of understanding modern Chinese society. Each year the items on the Gala program give rise to some new items of vocabulary and people will discuss the program of the Gala on all sorts of social media platforms. So the CCTV Gala is not only an important part of Chinese New Year but also to varying degrees exerts an influence on modern Chinese culture.

In the past few years in the wake of the speedy development of internet technology one can watch more and more outstanding international and domestic programs on the net so demands for the Gala are higher and higher. Many people have started to grumble that the line-up isn’t marvelous enough (4), the format isn’t innovative enough and this has put a lot of pressure on the produces of the CCTV Gala. I think that the most important aspect of celebrating CNY is to be together with family. In order to present the viewers of China with a feast of culture, over ten thousand people, by keeping working, sacrifice the chance to be with their families, so the viewing public should not be so picky.

If you want to understand more about the Gala you can turn your attention to the series of programs on YouTube, Google+, Twitter or Instagram. Of course we hope even more that you can, at Peking time on the 18th of February, i.e. on CNY’s eve at eight o’clock, watch the 2015 CCTV CNY Gala and share with us your favourite parts of the show.

In order to help everyone learn Chinese even better, starting from episode 125, every essay will have a package rich in content, containing the essay in pinyin, explanations of difficult vocabulary and example sentences, and also some exercise questions which togeher with the essay, will make a complete set. Everyone is welcome to log into Slow Chinese and check it out. Finally the whole crew of Slow Chinese wishes everyone a happy Chinese New Year.

(1) Spring Festival is a slightly awkward translation as it is really only known as Chinese New Year or the lunar new year in English. But the term Spring Festival will probably become more and more used in the West.
(2) I think because Spring Festival has yet to become a common term it’s hard to know whether to always omit the ‘the’.
(3) The dictionary gives these as individual words – Spring Autumn Festival + to have a get-together — evening party. In reality this refers to the CCTV program telecast each year on CNY eve.
(4) ‘Isn’t marvelous enough’ .Not really said in English but grammatically it seems correct so I’ve left it.

by Robert Budzul

Xem danh sách các bài khác

Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

大家好，今天我们来说一说中国制造，Made in China。Made in China的产品随处可见，但是它的质量却一直受到人们的质疑。那Made in China到底好不好？它为什么会变成今天这个样子？

中国被称为“世界工厂”。维基百科上说，全世界民用产品的20%都来自中国，刚好跟中国人占全世界人口的比例差不多。无论是衣服、鞋子，还是电脑、手机，很多产品上面都有Made in China这个标签。慢速中文也是Made in China。

如果用欧洲的标准来看中国的产品，他们的质量可能不算很好。而且，出口到国外的产品一般比在国内销售的产品质量好一些。有一些中国工厂，他们的第一目标就是赚钱，第二目标才是做出好的产品。所以产品只做到“可以用”或“可以卖”的程度，就可以了。另外，由于设计教育比较落后，有一些中国工厂没有认识到设计的重要性，更不知道要尊重别人的设计。所以出现了很多“山寨”、“抄袭”的产品。但是，中国也有很好的工厂，他们认真地开发产品、制造产品。苹果的电脑和手机也是在中国制造的，这就说明中国也可以生产高质量的产品。

以前，中国的劳动力特别便宜，所以外国的产品在中国生产。但是现在，中国的劳动力不便宜了，外国的订单也越来越少。这个时候，中国的工厂必须生产自己的产品了。以后，Made in China可能会越来越少，但是Designed in China会越来越多。我希望中国的工厂、公司、企业，能够越来越重视设计和产品质量。这样Made in China才能让大家喜欢，同时，中国的设计师和老百姓也会越来越有信心。

大家好，今天我們來說一說中國製造，Made in China。 Made in China的產品隨處可見，但是它的質量卻一直受到人們的質疑。那Made in China到底好不好？它為什麼會變成今天這個樣子？

中國被稱為“世界工廠”。維基百科上說，全世界民用產品的20%都來自中國，剛好跟中國人佔全世界人口的比例差不多。無論是衣服、鞋子，還是電腦、手機，很多產品上面都有Made in China這個標籤。慢速中文也是Made in China。

如果用歐洲的標準來看中國的產品，他們的質量可能不算很好。而且，出口到國外的產品一般比在國內銷售的產品質量好一些。有一些中國工廠，他們的第一目標就是賺錢，第二目標才是做出好的產品。所以產品只做到“可以用”或“可以賣”的程度，就可以了。另外，由於設計教育比較落後，有一些中國工廠沒有認識到設計的重要性，更不知道要尊重別人的設計。所以出現了很多“山寨”、“抄襲”的產品。但是，中國也有很好的工廠，他們認真地開發產品、製造產品。蘋果的電腦和手機也是在中國製造的，這就說明中國也可以生產高質量的產品。

以前，中國的勞動力特別便宜，所以外國的產品在中國生產。但是現在，中國的勞動力不便宜了，外國的訂單也越來越少。這個時候，中國的工廠必須生產自己的產品了。以後，Made in China可能會越來越少，但是Designed in China會越來越多。我希望中國的工廠、公司、企業，能夠越來越重視設計和產品質量。這樣Made in China才能讓大家喜歡，同時，中國的設計師和老百姓也會越來越有信心。

Dàjiā hǎo, jīntiān wǒmen lái shuō yī shuō zhōngguó zhìzào,Made in China.Made in China de chǎnpǐn suíchù kějiàn, dànshì tā de zhìliàng què yīzhí shòudào rénmen de zhíyí. Nà Made in China dàodǐ hǎobù hǎo? Tā wèishéme huì biàn chéng jīntiān zhège yàngzi?

Zhōngguó bèi chēng wèi “shìjiè gōngchǎng”. Wéijī bǎikē shàng shuō, quán shìjiè mínyòng chǎnpǐn de 20%dōu láizì zhōngguó, gānghǎo gēn zhōngguó rén zhàn quán shìjiè rénkǒu de bǐlì chàbùduō. Wúlùn shì yīfú, xiézi, háishì diànnǎo, shǒujī, hěnduō chǎnpǐn shàngmiàn dōu yǒu Made in China zhège biāoqiān. Màn sù zhōngwén yěshì Made in China.

Rúguǒ yòng ōuzhōu de biāozhǔn lái kàn zhòng guó de chǎnpǐn, tāmen de zhìliàng kěnéng bù suàn hěn hǎo. Érqiě, chūkǒu dào guówài de chǎnpǐn yībān bǐ zài guónèi xiāoshòu di chǎnpǐn zhí liàng hǎo yīxiē. Yǒu yīxiē zhōngguó gōngchǎng, tāmen de dì yī mùbiāo jiùshì zhuànqián, dì èr mùbiāo cái shì zuò chū hǎo de chǎnpǐn. Suǒyǐ chǎnpǐn zhǐ zuò dào “kěyǐ yòng” huò “kěyǐ mài” de chéngdù, jiù kěyǐle. Lìngwài, yóuyú shèjì jiàoyù bǐjiào luòhòu, yǒu yīxiē zhōngguó gōngchǎng méiyǒu rènshì dào shèjì de zhòngyào xìng, gèng bù zhīdào yào zūnzhòng biérén de shèjì. Suǒyǐ chūxiànle hěnduō “shānzhài”,“chāoxí” de chǎnpǐn. Dànshì, zhōngguó yěyǒu hěn hǎo de gōngchǎng, tāmen rènzhēn de kāifā chǎnpǐn, zhìzào chǎnpǐn. Píngguǒ de diànnǎo hé shǒujī yěshì zài zhōngguó zhìzào de, zhè jiù shuōmíng zhōngguó yě kěyǐ shēngchǎn gāo zhìliàng de chǎnpǐn.

Yǐqián, zhōngguó de láodònglì tèbié piányí, suǒyǐ wàiguó de chǎnpǐn zài zhōngguó shēngchǎn. Dànshì xiànzài, zhōngguó de láodònglì bù piányíle, wàiguó de dìngdān yě yuè lái yuè shǎo. Zhège shíhòu, zhōngguó de gōngchǎng bìxū shēngchǎn zìjǐ de chǎnpǐnle. Yǐhòu,Made in China kěnéng huì yuè lái yuè shǎo, dànshì Designed in China huì yuè lái yuè duō. Wǒ xīwàng zhōngguó de gōngchǎng, gōngsī, qǐyè, nénggòu yuè lái yuè zhòngshì shèjì hé chǎnpǐn zhí liàng. Zhèyàng Made in China cáinéng ràng dàjiā xǐhuān, tóngshí, zhōngguó de shèjì shī hé lǎobǎixìng yě huì yuè lái yuè yǒu xìnxīn.

Hello everyone, today let us talk about ‘made in China’. Goods made in China can be seen everywhere but their quality is continuously called into question (1). So when all is said and done is ‘Made in China’ a good or bad thing? Why has it become the way it is today?

China has been called ‘the world’s factory’. According to wikipedia 20% of goods for non-military use in the entire world come from China. which is just about the same as the proportion of Chinese to the world’s population. Regardless of whether it is clothes and shoes or computers and mobile telephones, many goods carry a label saying ‘Made in China’. ‘Slow-Chinese’ is also ‘Made in China’.

If one looks at Chinese goods using European standards, their quality is possibly not terribly good. Furthermore, products exported abroad are usually a little better in quality than those sold domestically. There are some factories in China whose primary goal is just to make a profit, and manufacturing good products is only a secondary objective. So if the product is made to the level where it “can be used” or “can be sold”, then that’s enough. In addition, owing to design-education being relatively backward, there are some Chinese factories that are yet to realise the importance of design, and in particular they don’t know they should respect the designs of others. As a result many copycat products have appeared. But China also has very good factories which conscientiously develop and manufacture goods. Apple’s computers and mobile phones are also manufactured in China, thus proving that China is capable of producing high-quality goods.

In the past labour in China was especially cheap, so foreign goods were manufactured in China. But now labour in China is no longer cheap and there are less and less orders from abroad. Now Chinese factories must manufacture their own goods so in the future ‘Made in China’ will be seen less and less, while ‘Designed in China’ will be seen more and more. I hope Chinese factories, companies, and enterprises will attach more and more importance to design and quality.

Special Notes:

山寨 – From ‘China in Three Words’ by Yu Hua and Allan H. Barr: “The word here rendered as “copycat” (山寨) originally denoted a mountain hamlet protected by a stockade or other fortifications; later it acquired an extended meaning as a hinterland area, home to the poor. It was also the name once given to the lairs of outlaws and bandits, and the word has continued to have connotations of freedom from official control. In the past few years… the word “copycat” (山寨) has given the word “imitation” a new meaning, and at the same time the limits of the original sense… have been eroded, allowing room for it to acquire additional shades of meaning: counterfeiting, infringements, deviations from the standard, mischief and caricature… It would not be going too far to say that “copycat’ (山寨) has more of an anarchist spirit than any other word in the contemporary Chinese language.”
You can buy the book here: http://www.amazon.com/China-Ten-Words-Yu-Hua/dp/0307739791

– Rober Budzul (robert@budzul.com)

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Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

刚到中国的外国人，可能会对中国朋友之间谈论的一些话题感到尴尬，甚至觉得被侵犯了隐私。下面几个问题，你的中国朋友有没有问过你呢？

1、你这件衣服真好看，什么牌子的？多少钱买的？
2、你住的那个地方房租很贵吧？多少钱一个月？
3、听说外国人在中国的月薪很高，你的月薪是多少？
4、一上午你已经去了五次厕所了，是拉肚子了吗？
5、你最近是不是胖了？要多运动少吃油腻的食物哦！

上面这五个问题，是我的外国朋友曾经跟我抱怨过，他在中国被问到的尴尬问题。前三个是和金钱有关的，后两个是和健康有关的。与欧美国家的人相比，中国人普遍对隐私的意识比较弱，问这些问题的时候并没有恶意，只是一种聊天的方式。好朋友之间的聊天就更加随意了。对于前三个问题，你可以只说个大约的数字，一般对方就不会再追问下去。第四个问题很有趣，在中国，人们会和比较亲近的朋友或者亲人说自己拉肚子了，并且不会感到不好意思。第五个问题一般也发生在好朋友之间，对方出于关心，提醒你注意体重变化，听到之后，你只要微笑着说“好知道了”就可以啦。

另外，对外国朋友们来说，除了金钱和健康，有关政治、宗教、种族的话题，一般也比较敏感。但可能一些中国人不明白这一点，问你一些相关的问题。如果你真的不愿意讨论，就可以委婉地表达不感兴趣，相信你的中国朋友都可以理解。你还被问到过其他尴尬的问题吗？欢迎在慢速中文网站留言，与我们分享讨论。

剛到中國的外國人，可能會對中國朋友之間談論的一些話題感到尷尬，甚至覺得被侵犯了隱私。下面幾個問題，你的中國朋友有沒有問過你呢？

1、你這件衣服真好看，什麼牌子的？多少錢買的？
2、你住的那個地方房租很貴吧？多少錢一個月？
3、聽說外國人在中國的月薪很高，你的月薪是多少？
4、一上午你已經去了五次廁所了，是拉肚子了嗎？
5、你最近是不是胖了？要多運動少吃油膩的食物哦！

上面這五個問題，是我的外國朋友曾經跟我抱怨過，他在中國被問到的尷尬問題。前三個是和金錢有關的，後兩個是和健康有關的。與歐美國家的人相比，中國人普遍對隱私的意識比較弱，問這些問題的時候並沒有惡意，只是一種聊天的方式。好朋友之間的聊天就更加隨意了。對於前三個問題，你可以只說個大約的數字，一般對方就不會再追問下去。第四個問題很有趣，在中國，人們會和比較親近的朋友或者親人說自己拉肚子了，並且不會感到不好意思。第五個問題一般也發生在好朋友之間，對方出於關心，提醒你注意體重變化，聽到之後，你只要微笑著說“好知道了”就可以啦。

另外，對外國朋友們來說，除了金錢和健康，有關政治、宗教、種族的話題，一般也比較敏感。但可能一些中國人不明白這一點，問你一些相關的問題。如果你真的不願意討論，就可以委婉地表達不感興趣，相信你的中國朋友都可以理解。你還被問到過其他尷尬的問題嗎？歡迎在慢速中文網站留言，與我們分享討論。

Gāng dào zhōngguó de wàiguó rén, kěnéng huì duì zhōngguó péngyǒu zhī jiān tánlùn de yīxiē huàtí gǎndào gāngà, shènzhì juédé bèi qīnfànle yǐnsī. Xiàmiàn jǐ gè wèntí, nǐ de zhōngguó péngyǒu yǒu méiyǒu wènguò nǐ ne?

1, Nǐ zhè jiàn yīfú zhēn hǎokàn, shénme páizi de? Duōshǎo qián mǎi de?
2, Nǐ zhù de nàgè dìfāng fángzū hěn guì ba? Duōshǎo qián yīgè yuè?
3, Tīng shuō wàiguó rén zài zhōngguó de yuèxīn hěn gāo, nǐ de yuèxīn shì duōshǎo?
4, Yī shàngwǔ nǐ yǐjīng qùle wǔ cì cèsuǒle, shì lādùzile ma?
5, Nǐ zuìjìn shì bùshì pàngle? Yào duō yùndòng shǎo chī yóunì de shíwù ó!

Shàngmiàn zhè wǔ gè wèntí, shì wǒ de wàiguó péngyǒu céngjīng gēn wǒ bàoyuànguò, tā zài zhōngguó bèi wèn dào de gāngà wèntí. Qián sān gè shì hé jīnqián yǒuguān de, hòu liǎng gè shì hé jiànkāng yǒuguān de. Yǔ ōuměi guójiā de rén xiāng bǐ, zhōngguó rén pǔbiàn duì yǐnsī de yìshí bǐjiào ruò, wèn zhèxiē wèntí de shíhòu bìng méiyǒu èyì, zhǐshì yī zhǒng liáotiān de fāngshì. Hǎo péngyǒu zhī jiān de liáotiān jiù gèngjiā suíyìle. Duìyú qián sān gè wèntí, nǐ kěyǐ zhǐ shuō gè dàyuē de shùzì, yībān duìfāng jiù bù huì zài zhuīwèn xiàqù. Dì sì gè wèntí hěn yǒuqù, zài zhōngguó, rénmen huì hé bǐjiào qīnjìn de péngyǒu huòzhě qīnrén shuō zìjǐ lādùzile, bìngqiě bù huì gǎndào bù hǎoyìsi. Dì wǔ gè wèntí yībān yě fāshēng zài hǎo péngyǒu zhī jiān, duìfāng chū yú guānxīn, tíxǐng nǐ zhùyì tǐzhòng biànhuà, tīng dào zhīhòu, nǐ zhǐyào wéixiàozhe shuō “hǎo zhīdàole” jiù kěyǐ la.

Lìngwài, duì wàiguó péngyǒumen lái shuō, chúle jīnqián hé jiànkāng, yǒuguān zhèngzhì, zōngjiào, zhǒngzú de huàtí, yībān yě bǐjiào mǐngǎn. Dàn kěnéng yīxiē zhōngguó rén bù míngbái zhè yīdiǎn, wèn nǐ yīxiē xiāngguān de wèntí. Rúguǒ nǐ zhēn de bù yuànyì tǎolùn, jiù kěyǐ wěiwǎn de biǎodá bùgǎn xìngqù, xiāngxìn nǐ de zhōngguó péngyǒu dōu kěyǐ lǐjiě. Nǐ hái bèi wèn dàoguò qítā gāngà de wèntí ma? Huānyíng zài màn sù zhōngwén wǎngzhàn liúyán, yǔ wǒmen fēnxiǎng tǎolùn.

Foreigners that have just arrived in China will possibly discuss some topics with their Chinese friends that they feel embarrassed about and they might even feel that their privacy has been violated. Have your Chinese friends asked you any of the questions below?

1. This item of clothing of yours looks good, what brand is it? How much did it cost?
2. Is the rent expensive where you are living? How much a month?
3. I’ve heard that the pay of foreigners in China is quite high, how much do you make a month?
4. In one morning you’ve already been to the toilet five times. do you have the trots?
5. Have you put on weight recently? You should do more exercise and eat less fatty food.

The five questions above are embarrassing questions which foreign friends of mine have complained about and which they’ve been asked in China. The first three are to do with money and the last three are to do with health. In comparison with people from Europe and America the Chinese sense of privacy is relatively weak so there are no bad intentions in such questions; it’s just a way of making conversation. Conversations between friends are even more as one pleases (1). In answer to the first three questions you could just answer with some approximate figure; in general the other person won’t go into it any further. The fourth question is very interesting. In China people will tell relatively close friends and relatives that they have diarrhea (2) and won’t feel any embarrassment about it at all. The fifth question also occurs mainly between friends and stems from concern from the one party calling attention to change in body weight. After hearing it you just need to say ‘Ok, thanks for letting me know.’ (3) with a smile and that will be it.

In addition, for our foreign friends, apart from money and health, questions about politics and religion and the like and also relatively sensitive but perhaps some Chinese don’t understand this and will ask you some related questions. If you really are unwilling to discuss such questions you can tactfully convey lack of interest and I believe your Chinese friend will be understanding. Have you also been asked other embarrassing questions? You’re welcome to leave a comment on the ‘Slow Chinese’ website to share and discuss it with us.

1. 随意 and 随便 seem to be quite difficult to translate well. They are used a lot in Chinese and there doesn’t seem to be an easy English equivalent. It’s worth taking note of them as they occur and get a feel for them.
2. For any Chinese that might be reading… talking with friends we would use an expression such as ‘I have the runs’, ‘I have the trots’ – but this is very colloquial.
3. And interesting phrase – 知道了. The dictionary gives ‘ok; I’ve got it’. A pretty versatile phrase.

– Rober Budzul (robert@budzul.com)
– and Zak Gray (zak_lives@hotmail.com)

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Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

“中国人吃狗吗？”，这个问题，无论是中国人还是外国人，都不是很喜欢。中国人会觉得，这个问题很不礼貌；对于外国人来说，“吃狗”是一件很可怕的事情。那么，中国人吃狗吗？

首先，必须承认，中国的汉族人以前是吃狗的。因为在古代的时候，除了鸡、鸭、猪之外，中国人也把狗作为食物的来源之一。狗肉是一种特别的美味，当有客人的时候，人们会拿出狗肉给客人吃，来表示自己的友好。吃狗在中国是一种传统的习惯。其实，中国还有一些其他的民族，他们是不吃狗的。蒙古族就不吃狗，因为狗能够帮助他们打猎，是很重要的朋友。

在很多国家，狗是很好的朋友。它们这么可爱，为什么要吃掉它们？这是很多人不理解中国人吃狗的一个原因。其实现在大部分中国人，也特别爱狗。他们家里会养狗做宠物，所以很少人还会吃狗。只有在很少几个地方，还保留着吃狗的传统。

在吃狗这件事情上，中国人被批评，还有一个原因是一些人对待狗的方式非常残忍。特别是在一些小城市，人们还会捕捉街上的流浪狗，用很残忍地方式去杀死它们，这些都让爱狗的人觉得很难受。还有一些人会去解救被捕捉的流浪狗。

我们都觉得，如果有一个合理健康的狗肉产业，吃狗没有什么错。只是，如果用不人道的方式去对待狗，对待任何其他一种生命，都应该受到批评！

“中國人吃狗嗎？”，這個問題，無論是中國人還是外國人，都不是很喜歡。中國人會覺得，這個問題很不禮貌；對於外國人來說，“吃狗”是一件很可怕的事情。那麼，中國人吃狗嗎？

首先，必須承認，中國的漢族人以前是吃狗的。因為在古代的時候，除了雞、鴨、豬之外，中國人也把狗作為食物的來源之一。狗肉是一種特別的美味，當有客人的時候，人們會拿出狗肉給客人吃，來表示自己的友好。吃狗在中國是一種傳統的習慣。其實，中國還有一些其他的民族，他們是不吃狗的。蒙古族就不吃狗，因為狗能夠幫助他們打獵，是很重要的朋友。

在很多國家，狗是很好的朋友。它們這麼可愛，為什麼要吃掉它們？這是很多人不理解中國人吃狗的一個原因。其實現在大部分中國人，也特別愛狗。他們家裡會養狗做寵物，所以很少人還會吃狗。只有在很少幾個地方，還保留著吃狗的傳統。

在吃狗這件事情上，中國人被批評，還有一個原因是一些人對待狗的方​​式非常殘忍。特別是在一些小城市，人們還會捕捉街上的流浪狗，用很殘忍地方式去殺死它們，這些都讓愛狗的人覺得很難受。還有一些人會去解救被捕捉的流浪狗。

我們都覺得，如果有一個合理健康的狗肉產業，吃狗沒有什麼錯。只是，如果用不人道的方式去對待狗，對待任何其他一種生命，都應該受到批評！

“Zhōngguó rén chī gǒu ma?”, Zhège wèntí, wúlùn shì zhōngguó rén háishì wàiguó rén, dōu bùshì hěn xǐhuān. Zhōngguó rén huì juédé, zhège wèntí hěn bù lǐmào; duìyú wàiguó rén lái shuō,“chī gǒu” shì yī jiàn hěn kěpà de shìqíng. Nàme, zhōngguó rén chī gǒu ma?

Shǒuxiān, bìxū chéngrèn, zhōngguó de hànzú rén yǐqián shì chī gǒu de. Yīnwèi zài gǔdài de shíhòu, chúle jī, yā, zhū zhī wài, zhōngguó rén yě bǎ gǒu zuòwéi shíwù de láiyuán zhī yī. Gǒuròu shì yī zhǒng tèbié de měiwèi, dāng yǒu kèrén de shíhòu, rénmen huì ná chū gǒuròu gěi kèrén chī, lái biǎoshì zìjǐ de yǒuhǎo. Chī gǒu zài zhōngguó shì yī zhǒng chuántǒng de xíguàn. Qíshí, zhōngguó hái yǒu yīxiē qítā de mínzú, tāmen shì bù chī gǒu de. Ménggǔ zú jiù bù chī gǒu, yīnwèi gǒu nénggòu bāngzhù tāmen dǎliè, shì hěn zhòngyào de péngyǒu.

Zài hěnduō guójiā, gǒu shì hěn hǎo de péngyǒu. Tāmen zhème kě’ài, wèishéme yào chī diào tāmen? Zhè shì hěnduō rén bù lǐjiě zhōngguó rén chī gǒu de yīgè yuányīn. Qíshí xiànzài dà bùfèn zhōngguó rén, yě tèbié ài gǒu. Tāmen jiālǐ huì yǎng gǒu zuò chǒngwù, suǒyǐ hěn shǎo rén hái huì chī gǒu. Zhǐyǒu zài hěn shǎo jǐ gè dìfāng, hái bǎoliúzhe chī gǒu de chuántǒng.

Zài chī gǒu zhè jiàn shìqíng shàng, zhōngguó rén bèi pīpíng, hái yǒu yīgè yuányīn shì yīxiē rén duìdài gǒu de fāngshì fēicháng cánrěn. Tèbié shì zài yīxiē xiǎo chéngshì, rénmen hái huì bǔzhuō jiē shàng de liúlàng gǒu, yòng hěn cánrěn de fāngshì qù shā sǐ tāmen, zhèxiē dōu ràng ài gǒu de rén juédé hěn nánshòu. Hái yǒu yīxiē rén huì qù jiějiù bèi bǔzhuō de liúlàng gǒu.

Wǒmen dōu juédé, rúguǒ yǒu yīgè hélǐ jiànkāng de gǒuròu chǎnyè, chī gǒu méiyǒu shé me cuò. Zhǐshì, rúguǒ yòng bùréndào de fāngshì qù duìdài gǒu, duìdài rènhé qítā yī zhǒng shēngmìng, dōu yīnggāi shòudào pīpíng!

“Do Chinese eat dog?” This is a question that no-one likes – whether foreigner or Chinese. Chinese people would consider this question impolite, and as far as foreigners are concerned, “eating dog” is horrible. So, do Chinese eat dog?

First of all, one must admit that in the past the Han Chinese did eat dog. Because in ancient times, besides chicken, duck and pork, the Chinese also took dog-meat as a source of food. Dog meat was a special delicacy; when there were guests, people would give them dog meat to eat in order to show their friendliness. Eating dog meat is a traditional custom in China. Actually, China also has some other ethnicities which don’t eat dog. Mongols don’t eat dog because dogs are capable of helping them hunt, and are a very important friend.

In many countries dogs are a great friend. They are so cute; why would one want to consume them? This is one reason many people don’t understand why the Chinese eat dog. Actually these days, most Chinese also particularly love dogs. They have dogs at home as pets. So very few people still eat dog. It’s only in a few places that they still keep the tradition of eating dog.

The Chinese have been criticized for eating dog, and another reason for this is that the way some people treat dogs is extremely cruel. This is especially true in smaller cities where people still capture stray dogs and use very cruel methods to kill them, which upsets dog lovers. There are also people who will rescue captured street dogs.

We all think that if there were a reasonable and sound dog-meat industry, eating dog-meat wouldn’t be so bad. It’s just that if you employ inhumane methods when dealing with dogs, or dealing with any other animal, you deserve to be criticized.

打猎 – da3lie4 (v.o.) go hunting; hunt
养狗 – yǎnggǒu (v.o.) lit. raise dogs
宠物 – chǒngwù (n) pet; house pet; pet animal
待 – dài (v) treat; deal with; handle
保留 – bǎolíu (v) 1. continue to have; retain; 2. hold or keep back; reserve
残忍 – cánrěn (adv) cruel, mean; ruthless; merciless
捕捉 – bǔzhuō (v) catch, seize, capture
流浪狗 – líulànggǒu (n) stray dog
解救 – jiějìu (v) to save, to rescue
不人道 – bùréndào (adj) inhuman

– Rober Budzul (robert@budzul.com)
– and Zak Gray (zak_lives@hotmail.com)

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Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

同性恋，指的是同种性别的人之间的恋爱，也就是男人和男人，或者女人和女人之间的恋爱。以前，虽然在中国一直有同性恋者存在，他们却一直没有一个恰当的称呼。“同性恋”这个称呼是从外语（homosexuality）中引进到中文的，它既可以指一种性取向，也可以指一种恋爱行为，还可以也指这种人群。在中国，同性恋人群还有另外一个叫法，就是“同志”。

中国的同性恋人口占中国总人口的3-4%，大约为3900万-5200万人，这相当于一个欧洲国家的总人口。在大约20年前，同性恋在中国还仍然被定为“流氓罪”。特别是在文化大革命期间，同性恋者会被人们当面叫做“流氓”，从而遭受极大的侮辱。不过，这种情况在当今的中国已经不太会出现了。近几年，有一项调查统计显示，大约九成的中国人认为，同性恋在职场上应该享受和其他人一样的待遇。

在一些西方国家，同性恋已经可以合法结婚了。在中国，虽然法律还不允许同性恋者结婚，但一直有学者和维权人士向领导人提出，要在中国实行同性恋婚姻的合法化。虽然在法律上，同性恋婚姻还不被认可，但是在社会生活中，同性恋正在被来越多的中国人所接受。特别是在大城市中，越来越多的同性恋者正在通过他们自己的民间组织，渐渐发出自己的声音。同性恋者的聚会、书籍、电影、艺术节、酒吧，等等，正在形成同性恋自己的文化。也有越来越多的同性恋者，愿意向他们的家人或者其他人表明自己的同性恋身份，这种行为叫做“出柜”。

不过，大多数的同性恋仍然会受到很大的压力。很多同性恋者因为受到父母和社会的压力，不得不和异性结婚，这往往会造成更多的家庭悲剧，对同性恋者和他们异性伴侣都会造成很大的伤害。比如，在中国出现了这样的一个人群，她们是男同性恋者的妻子，被人们叫做“同妻”。和同性恋者结婚，给她们造成了非常大的痛苦。总的来说，从法律到社会的各个方面，要改善同性恋在中国的生活状态，还有很长的路要走。

同性戀，指的是同種性別的人之間的戀愛，也就是男人和男人，或者女人和女人之間的戀愛。以前，雖然在中國一直有同性戀者存在，他們卻一直沒有一個恰當的稱呼。 “同性戀”這個稱呼是從外語（homosexuality）中引進到中文的，它既可以指一種性取向，也可以指一種戀愛行為，還可以也指這種人群。在中國，同性戀人群還有另外一個叫法，就是“同志”。

中國的同性戀人口占中國總人口的3-4%，大約為3900萬-5200萬人，這相當於一個歐洲國家的總人口。在大約20年前，同性戀在中國還仍然被定為“流氓罪”。特別是在文化大革命期間，同性戀者會被人們當面叫做“流氓”，從而遭受極大的侮辱。不過，這種情況在當今的中國已經不太會出現了。近幾年，有一項調查統計顯示，大約九成的中國人認為，同性戀在職場上應該享受和其他人一樣的待遇。

在一些西方國家，同性戀已經可以合法結婚了。在中國，雖然法律還不允許同性戀者結婚，但一直有學者和維權人士向領導人提出，要在中國實行同性戀婚姻的合法化。雖然在法律上，同性戀婚姻還不被認可，但是在社會生活中，同性戀正在被來越多的中國人所接受。特別是在大城市中，越來越多的同性戀者正在通過他們自己的民間組織，漸漸發出自己的聲音。同性戀者的聚會、書籍、電影、藝術節、酒吧，等等，正在形成同性戀自己的文化。也有越來越多的同性戀者，願意向他們的家人或者其他人表明自己的同性戀身份，這種行為叫做“出櫃”。

不過，大多數的同性戀仍然會受到很大的壓力。很多同性戀者因為受到父母和社會的壓力，不得不和異性結婚，這往往會造成更多的家庭悲劇，對同性戀者和他們異性伴侶都會造成很大的傷害。比如，在中國出現了這樣的一個人群，她們是男同性戀者的妻子，被人們叫做“同妻”。和同性戀者結婚，給她們造成了非常大的痛苦。總的來說，從法律到社會的各個方面，要改善同性戀在中國的生活狀態，還有很長的路要走。

Tóngxìngliàn, zhǐ de shì tóng zhǒng xìngbié de rén zhī jiān de liàn’ài, yě jiùshì nánrén hé nánrén, huòzhě nǚrén hé nǚrén zhī jiān de liàn’ài. Yǐqián, suīrán zài zhōngguó yīzhí yǒu tóngxìngliàn zhě cúnzài, tāmen què yīzhí méiyǒuyīgè qiàdàng de chēnghu.“Tóngxìngliàn” zhège chēnghu shì cóng wàiyǔ (homosexuality) zhōng yǐnjìn dào zhōngwén de, tā jì kěyǐ zhǐ yī zhǒng xìng qǔxiàng, yě kěyǐ zhǐ yī zhǒng liàn’ài xíngwéi, hái kěyǐ yě zhǐ zhè zhǒng rénqún. Zài zhōngguó, tóngxìngliàn rénqún hái yǒu lìngwài yīgè jiào fǎ, jiùshì “tóngzhì”.

Zhōngguó de tóngxìngliàn rénkǒu zhàn zhōngguó zǒng rénkǒu de 3-4%, dàyuē wèi 3900 wàn-5200 wàn rén, zhè xiāngdāng yú yīgè ōuzhōu guójiā de zǒng rénkǒu. Zài dàyuē 20 nián qián, tóngxìngliàn zài zhōngguó hái réngrán bèi dìng wèi “liúmáng zuì”. Tèbié shì zài wénhuà dàgémìng qíjiān, tóngxìngliàn zhě huì bèi rénmen dāngmiàn jiàozuò “liúmáng”, cóng’ér zāoshòu jí dà de wǔrǔ. Bùguò, zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng zài dāngjīn de zhōngguó yǐjīng bù tài huì chūxiànle. Jìn jǐ nián, yǒu yī xiàng diàochá tǒngjì xiǎnshì, dàyuē jiǔ chéng de zhōngguó rén rènwéi, tóngxìngliàn zài zhíchǎng shàng yīnggāi xiǎngshòu hé qítā rén yīyàng de dàiyù.

Zài yīxiē xīfāng guójiā, tóngxìngliàn yǐjīng kěyǐ héfǎ jiéhūnle. Zài zhōngguó, suīrán fǎlǜ hái bù yǔnxǔ tóngxìngliàn zhě jiéhūn, dàn yīzhí yǒu xuézhě hé wéiquán rénshì xiàng lǐngdǎo rén tíchū, yào zài zhōngguó shíxíng tóngxìngliàn hūnyīn de héfǎ huà. Suīrán zài fǎlǜ shàng, tóngxìngliàn hūnyīn hái bù bèi rènkě, dànshì zài shèhuì shēnghuó zhōng, tóngxìngliàn zhèngzài bèi yuè lái yuè duō de zhōngguó rén suǒ jiēshòu. Tèbié shì zài dà chéngshì zhōng, yuè lái yuè duō de tóngxìngliàn zhě zhèngzài tōngguò tāmen zìjǐ de mínjiān zǔzhī, jiànjiàn fāchū zìjǐ de shēngyīn. Tóngxìngliàn zhě de jùhuì, shūjí, diànyǐng, yìshù jié, jiǔbā, děng děng, zhèngzài xíngchéng tóngxìngliàn zìjǐ de wénhuà. Yěyǒu yuè lái yuè duō de tóngxìngliàn zhě, yuànyì xiàng tāmen de jiārén huòzhě qítā rén biǎomíng zìjǐ de tóngxìngliàn shēnfèn, zhè zhǒng xíngwéi jiàozuò “chū guì”.

Bùguò, dà duō shǔ de tóngxìngliàn réngrán huì shòudào hěn dà de yālì. Hěnduō tóngxìngliàn zhě yīnwèi shòudào fùmǔ hé shèhuì de yālì, bùdé bù hé yìxìng jiéhūn, zhè wǎngwǎng huì zàochéng gèng duō de jiātíng bēijù, duì tóngxìngliàn zhě hé tāmen yìxìng bànlǚ dõuhuì zàochéng hěn dà de shānghài. Bǐrú, zài zhōngguó chūxiànle zhèyàng de yīgè rénqún, tāmen shì nán tóngxìngliàn zhě de qīzi, bèi rénmen jiàozuò “tóng qī”. Hé tóngxìngliàn zhě jiéhūn, gěi tāmen zàochéngle fēicháng dà de tòngkǔ. Zǒng de lái shuō, cóng fǎlǜ dào shèhuì de gège fāngmiàn, yào gǎishàn tóngxìngliàn zài zhōngguó de shēnghuó zhuàngtài, hái yǒu hěn zhǎng de lù yào zǒu.

Homosexuality refers to love between two people of the same sex, i.e. men with men or women with women. Previously, even though homosexuals have existed all along in China, there was never an appropriate word for them. The word ‘tong xing lian’ is an imported word introduced into Chinese from outside. It can indicate a sexual orientation as well as a sexual behaviour. It can also refer to a group of people. In China, gays as a group have another appellation, namely ‘tongzhi’ (1)

The homosexual population of China accounts for 3-4% of the entire population, roughly 39 million people. This is equivalent to the total population of a European country. Approximately twenty years ago homosexuality was still established as a crime of immoral behaviour. Particularly during the Cultural Revolution, homosexuals were called rogues (2), thus they suffered great humiliation. But these circumstances aren’t very likely to occur in present day China. In recent years a survey has shown that around 90% of Chinese are of the opinion that homosexuals should receive the same treatment at work as others.

In some western countries homosexuals can already legally marry. In China, although the law doesn’t allow homosexual marriage, scholars and civil rights activists have been proposing the legalisation of homosexual marriage. Although same-sex marriages are still not accepted within the law, they are more and more accepted by society. Especially in large cities, by means of their organisations, they are gradually making themselves heard. Due to gay gatherings, books, films, cultural festivals and bars a gay culture is forming. Also, more and more gays are willing to make their identity as homosexuals known to their families or to others. This action is is know as ‘coming out of the closet’.

However, the majority of homosexuals are still under a lot of pressure in China. Due to pressure from their parents and society, many gays have no choice but to marry someone of the opposite sex. This often brings about even more family tragedies and will cause pain to gays and their partners of the opposite sex. In China a particular group of people has sprung up – the wives of homosexual men. They are called ‘tongqi’. (3) Being married to gay men can cause them much suffering. In summary, whether seen from the angle of the law or society there is still a long road ahead to improve the lot of gays in China.

(1) actually the Chinese word for ‘comrade’; the first syllable is the same as the first syllable in the word for homosexual which might account for how this word came into being

(2) the dictionary gives ‘rogue’ which doesn’t really fit here; I suspect this is rather untranslatable – during the Cultural Revolution they probably had all sorts of names they used to call people that aren’t really translatable nowadays…

(3) made up of the ‘homo’ element of ‘homosexual’ and the character for ‘wife’

– Robert Budzul (robert@budzul.com)
– Zak Gray (zak_lives@hotmail.com)

Xem danh sách các bài khác

Phần dịch tiếng Việt có trong sách bản cứng: Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc cả nhà nhé!

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Chú ý: Đây là tài tiệu đi kèm sách bản cứng Trung Quốc 247: Mái nhà thân thuộc. Tài liệu sẽ có ích và có tác dụng tối đa khi dùng cùng sách bản cứng. Cả nhà có thể xem thêm về sách bản cứng nha!

西方人喜欢狗，有很多和“狗”有关的表达。中国人认为，民以食为天，吃在中国是一件很重要的事情，所以汉语中有很多有趣的表达都和吃有关。

如果你有一个恋人，对方和别人单独出去玩，你不高兴，有些嫉妒，我们说：你吃醋了。

如果你辞去了一份工作，离开了你原来工作的地方，不久以后，又想回去，我们把这个叫做：吃回头草。和男朋友、女朋友分手了之后，还想复合，这个也叫：吃回头草。中国还有句俗语叫做：好马不吃回头草。如果你和身边的同事谈恋爱，我们把这个叫做：吃窝边草。中国人说“兔子不吃窝边草”，就是不和身边的同事、同学谈恋爱，因为大家都太熟悉了。

如果你在公司很受重视，我们说你很“吃香”。如果你在公司里很受欢迎，老板、同事都很喜欢你，我们说你很“吃得开”，相反的，就是“吃不开”。

如果你被告上了法院，我们说你“吃官司”了，这个时候，你需要请一个律师。

如果你受到了伤害，受到了损失，我们把这个叫做“吃亏”，有的时候，你即使吃亏了也不能和大家说，只能自己承受，这个叫“吃哑巴亏”。哑巴是那些不能说话的人。

在职场上，无论是男性还是女性都有可能遇到“性骚扰”，中国人把这个叫做被“吃豆腐”。以前，女性在职场被上司吃豆腐了，怕丢了工作，不敢说，这个就是“吃哑巴亏”了。现在这种情况也依然存在。

你还知道哪些和“吃”有关的表达？欢迎在播客下方留言，大家一起交流讨论。

西方人喜歡狗，有很多和“狗”有關的表達。中國人認為，民以食為天，吃在中國是一件很重要的事情，所以漢語中有很多有趣的表達都和吃有關。

如果你有一個戀人，對方和別人單獨出去玩，你不高興，有些嫉妒，我們說：你吃醋了。

如果你辭去了一份工作，離開了你原來工作的地方，不久以後，又想回去，我們把這個叫做：吃回頭草。和男朋友、女朋友分手了之後，還想複合，這個也叫：吃回頭草。中國還有句俗語叫做：好馬不吃回頭草。如果你和身邊的同事談戀愛，我們把這個叫做：吃窩邊草。中國人說“兔子不吃窩邊草”，就是不和身邊的同事、同學談戀愛，因為大家都太熟悉了。

如果你在公司很受重視，我們說你很“吃香”。如果你在公司裡很受歡迎，老闆、同事都很喜歡你，我們說你很“吃得開”，相反的，就是“吃不開”。

如果你被告上了法院，我們說你“吃官司”了，這個時候，你需要請一個律師。

如果你受到了傷害，受到了損失，我們把這個叫做“吃虧”，有的時候，你即使吃虧了也不能和大家說，只能自己承受，這個叫“吃啞巴虧”。啞巴是那些不能說話的人。

在職場上，無論是男性還是女性都有可能遇到“性騷擾”，中國人把這個叫做被“吃豆腐”。以前，女性在職場被上司吃豆腐了，怕丟了工作，不敢說，這個就是“吃啞巴虧”了。現在這種情況也依然存在。

你還知道哪些和“吃”有關的表達？歡迎在播客下方留言，大家一起交流討論。

Xīfāng rén xǐhuān gǒu, yǒu hěnduō hé “gǒu” yǒuguān de biǎodá. Zhōngguó rén rènwéi, mín yǐ shí wéi tiān, chī zài zhōngguó shì yī jiàn hěn zhòngyào de shìqíng, suǒyǐ hànyǔ zhòng yǒu hěnduō yǒuqù de biǎodá dōu hé chī yǒuguān.

Rúguǒ nǐ yǒu yīgè liànrén, duìfāng hé biérén dāndú chūqù wán, nǐ bù gāoxìng, yǒuxiē jídù, wǒmen shuō: Nǐ chīcùle.

Rúguǒ nǐ cíqùle yī fèn gōngzuò, líkāile nǐ yuánlái gōngzuò de dìfāng, bùjiǔ yǐhòu, yòu xiǎng huíqù, wǒmen bǎ zhège jiàozuò: Chī huítóu cǎo. Hénán péngyǒu, nǚ péngyǒu fēn shǒu le zhīhòu, hái xiǎng fùhé, zhège yě jiào: Chī huítóu cǎo. Zhōngguó hái yǒu jù súyǔ jiàozuò: Hǎo mǎ bù chī huítóu cǎo. Rúguǒ nǐ hé shēnbiān de tóngshì tán liàn’ài, wǒmen bǎ zhège jiàozuò: Chī wō biān cǎo. Zhōngguó rén shuō “tùzǐ bù chī wō biān cǎo”, jiùshì bù hé shēnbiān de tóngshì, tóngxué tán liàn’ài, yīn wéi dàjiā dōu tài shúxīle.

Rúguǒ nǐ zài gōngsī hěn shòu zhòngshì, wǒmen shuō nǐ hěn “chīxiāng”. Rúguǒ nǐ zài gōngsī lǐ hěn shòu huānyíng, lǎobǎn, tóngshì dōu hěn xǐhuān nǐ, wǒmen shuō nǐ hěn “chīdékāi”, xiāngfǎn de, jiùshì “chībùkāi”.

Rúguǒ nǐ bèigào shàngle fǎyuàn, wǒmen shuō nǐ “chī guānsī”le, zhège shíhòu, nǐ xūyào qǐng yīgè lǜshī.

Rúguǒ nǐ shòudàole shānghài, shòudàole sǔnshī, wǒmen bǎ zhège jiàozuò “chīkuī”, yǒu de shíhòu, nǐ jíshǐ chīkuīle yě bùnéng hé dàjiā shuō, zhǐ néng zìjǐ chéngshòu, zhège jiào “chī yǎbākuī”. Yǎbā shì nàxiē bùnéng shuōhuà de rén.

Zài zhíchǎng shàng, wúlùn shì nánxìng háishì nǚxìng dōu yǒu kěnéng yù dào “xìngsāorǎo”, zhōngguó rén bǎ zhège jiàozuò bèi “chī dòufu”. Yǐqián, nǚxìng zài zhíchǎng bèi shàngsi chī dòufule, pà diūle gōngzuò, bù gǎn shuō, zhège jiùshì “chī yǎbākuī”le. Xiànzài zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng yě yīrán cúnzài.

Nǐ hái zhīdào nǎxiē hé “chī” yǒuguān de biǎodá? Huānyíng zài bòkè xiàfāng liúyán, dàjiā yì qǐ jiāoliú tǎolùn.

Westerners like dogs, and there are many ‘dog’ related expressions. The Chinese know that ‘food is the god of the people’, and in China eating is a very important matter, so in Mandarin Chinese there are many interesting expressions related to eating.

If you have a sweet-heart, and they go out by themselves with someone and you’re not happy about it, we say: you’re eating vinegar (you’re jealous).

If you quit a job and leave the place where you were working, then shortly after want to return, we call this: ‘grazing on old pasture’. When, after breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend, you then want to get back together again, that’s also called ‘grazing on old pasture’. In Chinese there is also the saying – ‘a good horse doesn’t graze on old pasture’. If you and a nearby colleague begin dating, we call this ‘eating the grass around the nest’. Chinese say ‘rabbits don’t eat the grass around their nest’. This means, don’t start a relationship with a close colleague or fellow-student, because everyone knows each other too well.

If you’re looked upon highly at work, we call this ‘eating fragrant’ (see notes 1). If you’re very popular at work, with your boss and colleagues, we call this ‘can start eating’, and the opposite is ‘can’t start eating’ (see notes 2).

If you call on someone and they’re not at home, then we say you’ve ‘eaten closed-door soup’.

If you’ve been taken to court as the accused, we say you’re ‘eating a law-suit’. This is the time when you need to hire a lawyer.

If you’ve been injured or have suffered a loss we call this ‘eating a loss’. Sometimes, if you’ve suffered a loss but can’t tell anyone and have to endure it alone, this is called ‘eating a mute loss’. ‘哑巴 – yǎba’ are those people who can’t speak (mutes).

In the workplace, regardless of being male or female, there is the chance that one may encounter ‘sexual harassment’. Chinese call this (being sexually harassed) ‘eating tofu’ (see notes 3). In the past, women were harassed by their superiors but didn’t dare say anything for fear of losing their job. This is an example of ‘eating a mute loss’. This situation still exists today.

Do you know any other other expressions related to ‘eating’? Feel welcome to leave a message at the bottom of the podcast page, and everyone can discuss them together.

Notes:

1. Difficult to translate as these characters mean ‘eat’, and ‘fragrant’… as this is an idiomatic expression however, it doesn’t need to be translated literally
2. Literally ‘can start eating’. This is the same structure as 看得见 (able to be seen) or 拿得动 (can be carried). However, ‘吃开’ also means to ‘be influential’, so this may be seen as ‘can be influential’.
3. The expression ‘吃豆腐’ is usually used with minor sexual harassment

New Vocabulary

民以食为天 – mínyǐshíwéitiān (idiom) 1. food is the god of the people 2. the masses regard food as their prime want 3. Food is the first necessity of the people
吃醋 – chīcù (v.o.) be jealous (about rivalry in love)
辞去 – cíqù (v) to resign; to quit
吃回头草 – chīhuítóucǎo (idiom) a changed form of ‘好马不吃头草’, meaning to go back to something one has renounced, or to go back to an old job or life
复合 – fùhé (v) to be reunited
俗语 – súyǔ (n) 1. common saying 2. proverb 3. colloquial speech
谈恋爱 – tánliàn’ài (v.o.) 1. to court (a member of the opposite sex) 2. to be dating
吃窝边草 – chīwōbiāncǎo (idiom) a changed form of ‘兔子不吃窝边草’, and means that villains don’t jeopardize their neighbours. Comparable to the English saying ‘don’t shit where you eat’
熟悉 – shúxī (v) know sth./sb. well (adj) familiar with
吃香 – chīxiāng (adj/idiom) very popular; be well liked; be much sought after
吃得开 – chīdekāi (adj/idiom) be popular; be much sought after
羹 – gēng (n) thick soup
吃闭门羹 – chībìméngēng (v/idiom) 1. be refused entrance 2. be left out in the cold 3. to find the door closed
官司 – guānsi (n, informal) lawsuit
律师 – lǜshī (n) 1. lawyer 2. barrister 3. solicitor
损失 – sǔnshī (v) lose (n) loss; damage
吃亏 – chīkuī (v) suffer a loss (adj) at a disadvantage
即使 – jíshǐ (conj.) even; even if; even though
承受 – chéngshòu (v) bear; support; endure
哑巴 – yǎba (n) a dumb person; a mute
吃哑巴亏 – chīyǎbakuī (v.o./idiom) 1. to be forced to suffer in silence 2. unable to speak of one’s bitter suffering
职场 – zhíchǎng (n) 1. workplace 2. career
性骚扰 – xìngsāorǎo (n) sexual harassment
吃豆腐 – chīdòufu (v.o) 1. tease; flirt with 2. engage in minor sexual harassment
上司 – shàngsi (n) 1. superior 2. boss
依然 – yīrán (adv) still (v) be as before
存在 – cúnzài (n) exist; be

– Robert Budzul (robert@budzul.com)
– Zak Gray (zak_lives@hotmail.com)

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